低碳经济:理论实证研究进展与展望

在我国"七省市"碳交易试点确立之后,政策制定者、企业管理层和环境科学领域的专家学者特别关心碳交易市场的减排效果,及其对我国经济、环境和对外贸易的影响.为回答这些问题,本文首先对碳减排、节能减排和低碳经济的概念进行界定和区分,然后探讨实施碳减排的政策措施和经济手段,根据减排措施的理论可行性和在全球范围内实施的广泛性,针对"数量控制"和"价格控制"减排措施展开系统分析,详细阐述这两种减排措施的具体实施过程和实际减排效果,进而对比分析它们在实施过程中的优缺点,并从宏观、微观和技术三个层面剖析降低碳排放的机理和路径,指出它们对我国的可借鉴之处.其次,根据研究角度的不同,对碳减排的相关前沿研究成果进行分类回顾和评述,指出其对我国碳减排的启发,并结合实际指出前人研究不足和存在的理论空白.最后以讨论的形式,提出未来需要进一步探讨的几个碳减排问题,为相关学者的研究提供一些洞察.

Low-carbon economy: Theoretical and empirical progress and prospects

After the initiation of carbon trading pilots in seven provinces and cities in China, issues of their effectiveness and impact on economy, environment and export are of great significance to policy makers, managers and experts of environmental science. To respond to these issues, we first define the concepts of carbon emission reduction, energy saving and low-carbon economy and discuss policy measures and economic instruments related to carbon emission reduction. Focusing on "quantity control" and "price control", we analyze in detail their implementation process and actual effectiveness in both theoretical and practical points. Also, we present in this paper the mechanism and pathways of carbon emission reduction and their inspiration to China from macro, micro and technical perspectives. We then review the related literature and comment how these academic results can be used to help China to achieve its carbon reduction target at optimal economic costs. Finally, we point out the deficiencies and possible theoretical gaps in the previous studies and present some important issues that need further academic exploration.