施肥对无患子叶片养分动态及产量的影响

【目的】在揭示不同施肥处理下无患子(Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.)不同生长发育时期叶片养分变化及其对施肥响应的基础上,探究不同氮、磷、钾施肥水平对产量的影响及最优施肥配方,旨在为优化无患子合理施肥技术提供支撑。【方法】采用“3414”随机区组设计进行配方施肥试验,分析14个施肥处理对无患子叶片养分含量动态变化和产量的影响。【结果】无患子叶片N含量在花序抽生期(4月15至5月10日)和果实膨大期(6月25至9月1日)显著降低; P含量在花期(5月10日至6月10日)和果实膨大期(6月25至9月1日)显著降低; K含量从花絮抽生(4月15日)直到果实膨大期末(9月1日)均呈持续下降的趋势。无患子叶片N、P、K含量随施肥量的增加而增加,且氮肥和磷肥具有协同作用。无患子产量均随着氮、磷、钾施肥量的增加呈先增加再减少的变化趋势,无患子生长效果最佳的为N2P2K2(氮、磷、钾肥分别为600、300、500 kg/hm²)处理,单株产量可达2.71 kg,产量达2 254.28 kg/hm²,较CK显著提高了49.5%。【结论】无患子在施肥管理中采果期要注重氮和钾肥施用,花期肥要关注磷和钾肥的施用量,壮果肥要注重氮、磷、钾3种肥料的施用; 建议无患子最佳施肥量为氮肥773 kg/hm²、磷肥273 kg/hm²、钾肥557 kg/hm²。

Effects of formula fertilization on leaf nutrient dynamics and yield of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.

【Objective】In this paper, changes in leaf nutrients and their response to fertilization at different growth stages of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. under different fertilization treatments were revealed. Accordingly, the effects of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the yield were determined and the optimal fertilization formula was explored. The findings will support the optimization of rational fertilization technology for S. mukorossi Gaertn. 【Method】This paper used the “3414” random area group design method to conduct the experiment and determine the formula for fertilization. The effects of 14 treatments, including dynamic changes in the nutrient content and yield of the leaves of S. mukorossi Gaertn., were determined. 【Result】The N content in the leaves of S. mukorossi Gaertn. was significantly reduced during the inflorescence period(from April 15th to May 10th)and the period of fruit expansion(from June 25th to September 1st). The P content in the leaves of S. mukorossi Gaertn. was significantly reduced during the flowering period(from May 10th to June 10th)and the fruit expansion period(from June 25th to September 1st). The K content in the leaves of S. mukorossi Gaertn. showed a continuously declining trend from flowering(April 15th)until the end of fruit expansion(September 1st). The content of N, P and K increased with the addition of fertilizer, and N fertilizer and P fertilizer had synergistic effects. The trend in the yield of S. mukorossi Gaertn. increased and then decreased with increasing amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The N2(600 kg/hm²)P2(300 kg/hm²)K2(500 kg/hm²)treatment had the optimal effects among all samples. The output was up to 2 254.28 kg/hm². Compared with CK, output significantly increased by 49.5%. 【Conclusion】 S. mukorossi Gaertn. with fertilization management in pumping should focus on nitrogen and potash fertilizer. Attention should be paid to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the florescence period. Attention should also be paid to the application of the three kinds of fertilizer, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, during the fruit enlargement period. It is suggested that the amount of fertilization should better be: N fertilizer 773 kg/hm², P fertilizer 273 kg/hm², and K fertilizer 557 kg/hm².