薄壳山核桃采穗圃的构建与质量评价

【目的】为薄壳山核桃采穗圃的营建提供科学依据。【方法】以薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼'所建不同类型采穗圃为对象,调查统计不同类型采穗圃所产接穗数量和质量的差异、接穗嫁接成苗情况及采穗对结果幼树结果的影响。【结果】采穗圃树龄(或根砧年龄)及嫁接时长影响接穗枝条数量,树龄大,嫁接时间长,接穗枝条数量多。接穗枝条芽数越多,接穗芽间距越短,嫁接成苗率越高,接穗芽成苗率越高。使用不同类型采穗圃接穗嫁接的嫁接苗其苗高和地径生长存在一定差异,但差异不显著。对结果幼树采穗会显著影响结果数,对常年用于采穗的结果幼树,采穗会减缓结果数量的增长; 对未进行过采穗的结果幼树,采穗会使结果数量显著减少。【结论】不同类型采穗圃对接穗数量、质量及嫁接成苗均有重要影响,应科学地营建薄壳山核桃采穗圃,同时探索采穗圃穗果兼营综合技术,以发挥采穗圃的最大效益。

Establishment and quality evaluation of cutting orchard of Carya illinoinensis

【Objective】This study was aimed at providing the practical basis for the establishment of cutting orchards of pecan(Carya illinoinensis). 【Method】The different motheds of cutting orchards of pecan cultivar ‘Pawnee' were used in this study as test materials to investigate the differences in quantity and quality and the probability of successful grafts of scions from different cutting orchards, and to analyze the effects of cutting scions from young fruit trees on the trees bearing fruits. 【Result】The results showed that the number of scion branches was affected by the age of trees(or rootstock age)in cutting orchards and by the tree age from grafting time. Additionally, the trees with older ages and longer grafting times would produce more scion branches. The more buds per scion branch and the shorter the bud spacing was, the higher the grafting survival rate presented, and the higher the ratio of scion bud to grafted surviving seedlings was. There existed some non-significant differences in seedling height and diameter of grafted seedlings by scions from different types of cutting orchards. The results also indicated that cutting scions from young fruit trees could significantly influence the number of produced fruits. For the young fruit trees that we cut scions from in the long term, cutting scions can slow down the increase in the number of produced fruits, while for the young fruit trees from which the scions were never cut in the past, cutting scions would reduce the number of produced fruits significantly. 【Conclusion】Different types of cutting orchards had important effects on the quantity and quality of scions, as well as the probability of successful grafts, which suggested that we should establish the cutting orchards of pecan. Meanwhile, comprehensive technology benefiting both scions and fruits for cutting orchards should be explored to ensure the maximum benefit of cutting orchards.