Molecular characterization of H1N1 influenza A viruses from human cases in North America |
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Authors: | Bin Wu ChengMin Wang GuoYing Dong Jing Luo BaoHua Zhao HongXuan He |
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Institution: | (1) National Research Center For Wildlife Born Diseases, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China;(2) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;(3) College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050016, China |
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Abstract: | Subtypes of H1N1 influenza virus can be found in humans in North America, while they are also associated with the infection
of swine. Characterization of the genotypes of viral strains in human populations is important to understand the source and
distribution of viral strains. Genomic and protein sequences of 10 isolates of the 2009 outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) virus
in North America were obtained from GenBank database. To characterize the genotypes of these viruses, phylogenetic trees of
genes PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NP, NA, NS and M were constructed by Phylip3.67 program and N-Linked glycosylation sites of HA, NA, PB2, NS1 and M2 proteins were analyzed online by NetNGlyc1.0 program. Phylogenetic
analysis indicated that these isolates are virtually identical but may be recombinant viruses because their genomic fragments
come from different viruses. The isolates also contain a characteristic lowly pathogenic amino acid motif at their HA cleavage
sites (IPSIQSR↓GL), and an E residue at position 627 of the PB2 protein which shows its high affinity to humans. The homologous
model of M proteins showed that the viruses had obtained the ability of anti-amantadine due to the mutation at the drug-sensitive
site, while sequence analysis of NA proteins indicated that the viruses are still susceptible to the neuraminidase inhibitor
drug (i.e. oseltamivir and zanamivir) because no mutations have been observed. Our results strongly suggested that the viruses
responsible for the 2009 outbreaks of influenza A (H1N1) virus have the ability to cross species barriers to infect human
and mammalian animals based on molecular analysis. These findings may further facilitate the therapy and prevention of possible
transmission from North America to other countries.
Contributed equally to this work
Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007BC109103), Knowledge Innovation
Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCX2-YW-N-063) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant
No. 30671576) |
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Keywords: | influenza A viruses H1N1 subtype molecular characterization North America |
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