大风区高速铁路新型防风设施研究

兰新(甘肃兰州—新疆乌鲁木齐)第二双线是世界上1条已建成的最长高速铁路,也是世界首条穿越大风区的高速铁路,线路穿越大风区最大瞬时风速达64 m/s,严重威胁列车运行安全,针对既有防风设施(主要为挡风墙)难以满足大风条件下防止列车倾覆、保护受电弓和接触网安全及防沙等要求,提出一种新型防风设施即防风走廊,并通过数值计算、风洞试验、动模型试验等方法进行系统研究。研究结果表明:在防风走廊的防护下,动车组的倾覆力矩是无防风设施时的1%~2%,是有挡风墙时的4%左右;接触网处的风速度仅为环境风速的6%左右;半封闭防风走廊开口处的最大速度仅为6.08 m/s;而走廊内部和动车组表面的压力变化表明半封闭走廊更具优势,不会附带产生隧道空气动力效应等不利影响。这说明防风走廊既能实现对列车和接触网综合防护,兼具防沙功能,同时也不会产生隧道空气动力效应等不利影响,作为一种新型高等级铁路防风设施具有应用推广价值。

Research on new anti-wind facility of high-speed train in strong wind area

The second double line of Lanzhou—Xinjiang railway is not only the longest high-speed railway line in the world but also the first one crossing strong wind area,where the highest instantaneous wind speed across strong wind area is 60 m/s,which is a serious threat to train running safety,considering the existing anti-wind facility(mainly wind break wall) is difficult to meet the demands of train overturning prevention,pantograph-catenary system protection and sand prevention,a new anti-wind facility called anti-wind corridor through numerical simulation,wind tunnel test and dynamic model test was proposed and researched.The results show that electric multiple unit(EMU)’s overturning momentum with the protection of anti-wind corridor is 1%?2% of that without the protection of wind break wall,and account for 4% when it is with the protection of wind break wall.The wind velocity of catenary takes only 6% or so of wind speed and the highest velocity is 6.08 m/s on the opening side of semi-closed anti-wind corridor.Considering the research on pressure change inside corridor and on EMU surface,the semi-closed corridor is much better without harmful effects such as tunnel aerodynamic effect.As a new high level railway anti-wind facility,anti-wind corridor can not only protect the pantograph-catenary system comprehensively but also has sand prevention function without any harmful effects like tunnel aerodynamic effect,and it is worth to be applied and spread.