体系工程“钻石”模型与数智孪生

 基于复杂事物演化发展的视角，阐述了体系的产生背景与概念定义，分析了体系概念里主体、关系与环境的内涵，并对系统与体系进行了比较。阐述了对体系工程的认识与概念定义，提出体系工程“钻石模型”方法与基于信息活动的体系结构框架，介绍了其基本内涵、实施过程与治理机制。基于现代科技发展趋势，提出了数智孪生概念框架，阐述了数智孪生的内涵意义，探讨了数字智能时代体系工程的发展方向。

Diamond model and digital-intelligent twin for system of systems engineering

Backgrounds, concepts and definitions of system of systems (SoS) and system of systems engineering (SoSE) are studied from the perspective of complexity in this paper. Connotations of agent, relationship and environment in SoS are analyzed in detail, and the differences between the concepts of system and SoS are compared. A new approach called diamond model to implement the idea and theory of SoSE is proposed and discussed comprehensively along with a new information process based architecture framework, which is more suitable for SoS than the classical Zachman framework based architecture. A novel concept called digital-intelligent twin is presented to proactively explore and foresee the comprehensive essence of SoS in the coming digital and artificial intelligence era. Corresponding meaning and concept framework of digital-intelligent twin and the development trend of future SoS are illustrated briefly.