深空探测对我国地面测控站升级的需求?

我国近年建成的深空测控网可以对未来的火星探测任务和其他深空探测任务实现自主测量和控制,并且同时具备对深空探测器的微波测速测距和VLBI测量能力.遥远深空探测任务加大了微波信号在星-地链路之间的往返传输时间,改变了测控链路信号的上、下行路线几何构型,导致同一个天线系统难以对探测器同步完成上、下行链路的业务,是对目前地面测控通信能力的挑战.本文以典型的火星探测为例,分析了深空探测器的微波闭环跟踪测控对我国深空测控系统单站设备的升级需求,并对深空站相应的改造提出了建议:1)单站单一天线上、下行时分交替测控模式;2)利用设置了单一天线的多个深空测控站协同三程开环链路测控,实现对探测器的控制和遥测;3)采用DSN/JPL/NASA的方案,在每个深空测控站配置多套天线系统,全部天线共用台站时频资源实现单站闭环上、下行实时连续测控.

Updating ground TT & C stations for deep space exploration in China

China deep space controlling network (CDSCN)constructed and applied in lunar missions can do range and range-rate as well as VLBI together with remote control and telemetry at radio band for deep space tracking like Mars missions and other deep space exploration missions.Remote deep space exploration missions shift the direction of up-link and down-link signals because of increasing time duration of microwave transmission between aiming planets and ground.This is a challenge for remote exploration telecommunication because it is not possible to do up-link and down-link radio communications simultaneously.For a typical Mars exploration,the disadvantages of deep-space measurements with single radio antenna controlling system are analyzed.Several suggestions for updating and upgrading controlling equipments are made which are necessary for remote communication on deep space exploration missions.The up and down-links could be time-divided on a solo antenna at a given deep space tracking station.Or the up and down-links are set up in multiple stations with solo antenna each with 3-way open loop method.The DSN/JPL/NASA method are used to set up multiple antennas at each deep space tracking station,with antennas share the same time-frequency standard,and the antennas at same station realizing close-loop up and down link real-time TT & C continuously.