基于土地利用变化的江苏盐城湿地自然保护区生境质量评估

【目的】研究江苏盐城湿地自然保护区的土地利用格局、生境质量变化情况,为提升生物多样性保护水平、改善区域生态环境质量提供依据。【方法】基于2000—2018年5期盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区(简称盐城自然保护区)土地利用数据,运用土地利用转移矩阵和InVEST模型,研究盐城自然保护区土地利用时空演变格局以及生境质量的动态变化,对盐城自然保护区的生境退化程度和生境质量进行评估。【结果】2000—2018年盐城自然保护区土地利用类型转变明显,主要是其他建设用地向水库坑塘的转变;研究期内盐城自然保护区生境退化程度不断加深,而且保护区内中度退化和高度退化的区域面积持续增加;生境质量指数总体呈现上升的趋势,且高生境质量的区域面积增加。【结论】盐城自然保护区土地利用类型频繁变化导致生境退化程度加深,但总体上保护区的生境状况逐渐改善,因此进一步优化盐城自然保护区的功能区划、遏制土地利用类型的频繁转变,成为提升盐城自然保护区生境质量和生物多样性保护成效的有效途径。

Evaluations of habitat quality of Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Nature Rare Bird Reserve based on land use changes

【Objective】 As one of China's coastal areas with the richest biodiversity, Yancheng coastal wetland represents 10% of the biodiversity in China's coastal zones. With the Yancheng Wetland National Nature Rare Bird Reserve as an example, the study aimed to determine the changes in the land use pattern and habitat quality, which can form a practically important base for improving the quality of the regional ecological environment and promoting biodiversity conservation. 【Method】 Based on land use data from the year 2000 to 2018 in Yancheng Nature Reserve, the land use transfer matrix and InVEST model were used to study the spatiotemporal pattern of land use and dynamic changes in habitat quality. The effectiveness of biodiversity conservation in the reserve was evaluated in terms of the habitat degradation and habitat quality. 【Result】 The results revealed rich land use types in the Yancheng Nature Reserve and dramatically changing spatiotemporal patterns, mainly because the gradually change from ‘other construction land’ to ‘reservoir’. The overall habitat degradation degree index and habitat quality of Yancheng Nature Reserve all indicated a fluctuating increasing trend from the year 2000 to 2018. There was an increase in areas with moderate and high habitat degradation, along with areas of high habitat quality. 【Conclusion】 Although the frequent changes in land use types in the Yancheng Nature Reserve resulted in the deepening of habitat degradation, there was a gradual improvement in the overall habitat. Therefore, further optimizing the land use patterns in Yancheng Nature Reserve and stopping frequent changes in land use types in the reserve can prove helpful in promoting habitat quality and the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation.