植株形态对单植株前后风速变化影响的风洞实验

为了评估不同植株形态对单植株防风能力的差异，本文在风洞中测量了5种不同形态的单植株模型（细长柔性植株、上大下小状柔性植株、2种树状刚性植株和刚性圆木棒）在3种来流风速下，植株前后风速的变化. 结果表明:来流风速对柔性植株下风向相对风速恢复曲线有显著影响，而对刚性植株模型的影响很小； 植株的1/2高度处树状刚性植株的平均防风效应和防护距离一般大于柔性植株；植株迎风面宽度随高度的变化是影响不同高度处风速衰减程度的一个重要因素. 

Speed upwind and downwind of a single plant

To evaluate difference in windbreak effect in a single plant with different morphology, horizontal wind speeds upwind and downwind of five single plants with different morphology (a slender flexible plant model, a flexible plant model with large upper part and small lower part, two tree-like rigid plant models and a rigid round stick model) were measured under three inflow wind speeds in a wind tunnel. The inflow wind speed was found to have significant effect on relative wind speed recovery curve on leeward side of flexible plants, but had little effect on rigid plant models. Average windbreak effect and protective distance of tree-like rigid plants were found to be larger than flexible plants at 0.5 h height. Variation in frontal width of plant with height was found to be an important factor for wind speed reduction at different heights.