减贫驱动乡村转型与发展的耦合类型及形成机理

区域减贫过程中，乡村地域系统的外缘要素强势介入，驱动乡村转型与发展水平剧烈演变.该研究基于人地关系地域系统和推拉理论模拟乡村地域系统要素流动推拉情景，借此构建脱贫攻坚驱动乡村发展与转型评价指标体系，量化测度乡村发展与转型演化过程、耦合类型及形成机理.结果表明：改革开放以来我国乡村地域系统要素外流可划分为加速增强、增速减缓、逐渐减弱三个阶段，对应着乡村地域快速衰退、逐步稳定、转向复兴的过程；脱贫攻坚驱动下，乡村发展和转型沿秦岭－淮河一线存在显著南北空间差异；脱贫县乡村发展与转型耦合形成了6种地域类型，其中高发展与高转型类型仅占18.2%，是乡村地域农户生活条件改善及人口转型主导的结果；立足脱贫县差异化的减贫模式，持续激发乡村内核发展动力是脱贫县乡村地域可持续发展的必然途径.

Regional differences and mechanisms of rural development and rural transformation during the poverty alleviation period

During the poverty alleviation period， the strong intervention of external factors has driven drastic changes in the rural areas of poverty alleviation counties. Based on the human-land relationship geographic system and push-pull theory， a push-pull scenario of factors flowing inside and outside the rural regional system of poverty-stricken counties was simulated. The relationship between poverty alleviation， rural development and transformation is analyzed. Based on this， quantitative evaluation index system for rural development and transformation for the period of poverty alleviation was constructed separately. Taking 44 counties that took the lead in poverty alleviation from 2016 to 2017 as examples， a quantitative measurement on development and rural transformation changes of poverty alleviation counties and villages reveal their regional differences and formation mechanisms. The results show that since 1978， the internal and external pushing and pulling forces of the villages in poverty alleviation counties were divided into three main stages the core thrust is accelerating， slowly increasing， and gradually weakening. It is a process of rapid rural decline， relaxation， and rejuvenation. Driven by poverty alleviation， there were significant spatial heterogeneity between north and south in rural development and rural transformation along the Qinling-Huaihe line. Rural development and transformation in poverty alleviation counties are not completely synchronized， and the overall level is low. The tcoupling of rural development and transformation has formed 6 types of regions. Among them， high development-high transformation poverty alleviation counties only account for 18.2%which are mainly caused by the improvement of farmers' lives and the dimension of population transformation dominate. In the context of rural revitalization， building a differentiated rural revitalization path based on regional differences and activating the rural core development power by increasing external supply are important ways for poverty alleviation counties to achieve sustainable rural development.