中国柳树遗传育种研究进展

柳树是我国重要的乡土树种,具有数量众多、分布广泛、变异丰富、生长迅速、易于繁殖等特点,可作为园林景观、速生用材、生态防护、生物质能源、生物修复、柳编工艺等多功能树种。柳树具有广泛而重要的生态与经济价值。近年来,我国柳树研究发展迅速,通过常规育种选育了一大批良种和新品种,在遗传学与基因组学方面也取得重大进展,在国际上处于领先地位。笔者从柳树的分类与分布、种质资源收集与保存、重要性状评价、遗传改良、分子遗传学等方面对近60年来我国柳树遗传育种的研究进展进行了系统总结,并分析了目前我国柳树遗传育种工作中存在的问题,展望了今后的重点研究方向,旨在进一步提高我国柳树遗传育种工作的水平,也为其他木本植物的遗传育种研究提供有益参考。

Research progresses of willow genetic breeding in China

Willows are a prominent group of native tree species in China, mainly due to the large quantities, wide distribution, abundant variation, fast growing and easy propagating. Willows have extensive and critical ecological and economic values as multi-functional tree species that serve for landscape planting, ecological protection, bioremediation and as an important wood source for timber, bioenergy and weaving. In recent years, willow research has developed rapidly in China. A large number of improved varieties or new varieties have been selected through conventional breeding, and major breakthroughs in genetics and genomics made China as a world leader in these fields. In this paper, we systematically summarize the progresses of willow mainly focused on taxonomy and distribution, germplasm collection, conservation as well as evaluation, genetic improvement, and molecular genetics around 60 years in China. Meanwhile, we analyzed the problems on genetic breeding at present and discussed the major prospects in future in order to promote the level of willow research in China, provide useful information for genetic breeding research of other woody plants.