闽西客家家族形态及其功能初探

在进入当代社会之前,闽西客家社会是典型的封建宗法制社会。闽西客家家族形态主要表现为单姓血缘的大家族自然村和相对集中的血缘聚居形式。这种聚居形式的形成直接导致血缘宗族社会的形成,也标志着这一地区由移民社会彻底转变为定居社会。闽西客家家族具备政治组织和社会组织的双重功能,为闽西客家社会的发展起过无可替代的积极作用。它作为封建社会政治制度中基层组织制度的基石,虽然也对上级行政部门负责,承担部分统治管理职能,却又不具备行政执法能力,并非真正意义上的行政机构。其功能主要包括管理功能、组织功能和兴学育人功能等。

Forms and Functions of Hakka Kindreds in West Fujian

The Hakka society in West Fujian used to belong to a typically feudal and patriarchal clan system. The forms of the Hakka kindreds were mainly the natural villages of a single family name and inhabitation of relatively concentrated kins. The inhabitation forms directly affected the formation of kindred society, and it also indicated that this area was becoming a society of settlement from the one of immigration. The Hakka kindreds served as political organizations and social organizations. Their roles in the social development in West Fujian were active and irreplaceable.