战争、伦理及文学——兼《伊利亚特》的"英雄"之一瞥

战争改变了人性的善与恶、改变了人与人之间的关系和道德价值判断的尺度,而人性之善恶及人伦关系恰好是文学表现的中心,因此战争、伦理与文学之间具有密切的关系.在古代萌发形态的战争中,没有正义与非正义的道德判定,战争英雄的行为既是是社会理性价值判断的尺度,又是伦理道德的规范;而且,战争本身就是理性训练的最好场所,它孕育着人的理性追求之最和人性表现之最.这些都在特洛亚战争英雄的身上体现得淋漓尽致.

War, Ethic and Literature:"Hero" in Iliad

War can change personal kindness and evilness,personal relation and the standard of moral value judgment,but the nature of persons' kindness and evilness,and ethic relation are exactly the center of literary expression,so there are close relations between war,ethic and literature.In the war of ancient bourgeon shape,there is no justice and injustice moral judgment.The war hero's act is not only the standard of social rational value judgment but also the norm of ethic moral.Further,war in itself is the best battle for rational training,which gestates the extreme for the rational seeking and personal presentation as well.All these are fully shown from the heroes in the Trojan War.