涡流发生器对重型货车气动减阻特性的影响

为了解涡流发生器对重型厢式货车气动减阻特性的影响,以某国产重型厢式货车为研究对象,基于计算流体动力学的数值模拟,研究涡流发生器的形状、布置位置、高度以及间隙比对厢式货车的减阻效果,并分别从速度流线结构、湍动能分布和压力分布等方面探讨其减阻原因。结果表明：涡流发生器的形状、布置位置、高度以及间隙比对重型厢式货车气动阻力的影响较大。其中叉形涡流发生器位于货厢后端时的气动阻力系数最小,其值为0.699 6,相对于货车原始模型的减阻率为11.7%,因此叉形涡流发生器是最佳的涡流发生器造型。加装涡流发生器减小了货车尾部涡流区的面积和强度,使尾部气流延迟分离,进而减小了货车前后压差阻力。

Influence of vortex generator on the aerodynamic drag reduction characteristics of heavy truck

To understand the influence of the vortex generator on the aerodynamic drag reduction characteristics of heavy-duty trucks, a Chinese heavy-duty truck was taken as the research object to study the influence of the shape, arrangement position, height and gap ratio of the vortex generator on drag reduction effect of the truck based on the numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics. The reason for drag reduction was discussed from the aspects of velocity streamline structure, turbulent kinetic energy distribution, and pressure distribution. The results show that the shape, arrangement position, height and gap ratio of the vortex generator have a great influence on the aerodynamic drag of the heavy-duty truck. The fork-shaped vortex generator has the smallest aerodynamic drag coefficient when it is located at the rear end of the cargo compartment, and its value is 0.699 6. Compared with the original model of the truck, the drag reduction rate is 11.7%, indicating that the fork-shaped vortex generator is the best vortex generator shape. The installation of the vortex generator can reduce the area and strength of the vortex zone of the rear of the truck, and delay the separation of the tail airflow, thereby reducing the differential pressure resistance of the front and rear parts of the truck.