中世纪英国农村的封建负担及农民生活

中世纪的农民作为一个整体不能摆脱两种束缚；落后的传统农业生产力；封建生产关系的剥削压迫。他们世代劳作仍难以形成自主活动的空间，不能独立地变革传统的生产方式和生产组织，没有走中世纪经济运行的模式与藩篱，不曾成长为一种崭新的生产力和阶级力量的代表。他们是中世纪落后愚昧的物质和社会化生活方式的体现。如果农村中没有先进的阶级力量，农民与农业明的改造就是一句空话。

Fendal Burden and Peasants' Life in the English Countryside in the Middle Ages

The peasants in the Middle Ages as a whole were unable to free themselves from two kinds of fetters: backward traditional agricultural productivity; exploitation and oppression of feudal production relations. Although they worked hard from generation to generation, they couldn't form their own arena of activity or reform traditional mode of production and production organization with their own efforts. They couldn't get rid of the pattern and limitation of medieval economy. Nor did they ever become the representatives of new productivity and class forces. They embodied the backward and ignorant mode of life of social culture. If there were no advanced class forces in the countryside, there would be no reform of peasants and agricultural civilization.