江汉平原秸秆焚烧污染物排放的估算

为了解江汉平原地区秸秆焚烧的危害, 通过入户调查确定该地区主要农作物秸秆露天燃烧的比例, 用排放因子法估算2010 年该地区主要农作物秸秆焚烧排放的大气污染物量, 结合入户调查的结果、MOD/ MYD14A1 和GLC2000-China 的地表覆盖数据, 分析该地区农作物秸秆焚烧排放的时空分布。结果表明, 2010 年江汉平原秸秆焚烧共排放73.3 Gg (1 Gg=109g) PM2.5, 18.6 Gg OC, 3.27 Gg BC, 7763 Gg CO2, 238 Gg CO, 10.6 Gg CH4, 28.6 Gg NMHCs, 0.382 Gg N2O, 5.74 Gg NH3, 8.26 Gg SO2 和17.1 Gg NOx, 其中5 月、9 月和10 月是秸秆焚烧的高峰期。在所有县市中, 监利县、仙桃市和天门市是秸秆焚烧排放最多的3 个地区, 荆州市市辖区是单位面积农田上秸秆焚烧PM2.5 排放最高的地区; 在所有的农作物中, 水稻秸秆焚烧对排放的贡献最大, 其次是油菜和小麦。

Estimating Air Pollutants Emissions from Open Burning of Crop Residues in Jianghan Plain

To investigate the emissions from open burning of crop residues in Jianghan Plain by using the Emission Factor Method, household surveys were conducted to obtain the percentages of crop residues burned in fields. Household survey statistics, GLC2000-China product and MODIS active fire products (MOD/MYD14A1) were used to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution of crop residues burning emissions in Jianghan Plain. The results gave a total emission of 73.3 Gg PM2.5, 18.6 Gg OC, 3.27 Gg BC, 7763 Gg CO2, 238 Gg CO, 10.6 Gg CH4, 28.6 Gg NMHCs, 0.382 Gg N2O, 5.74 Gg NH3, 8.26 Gg SO2 and 17.1 Gg NOx from the open burning of crop residues, in 2010, which happened most frequently in May, September and October. Among all subregions, Jianli County contributed the most to the total crop burning emissions, followed by Xiantao and Tianmen City, while Jingzhou municipal district had the highest PM2.5 emissions per unit area. Rice straw was the dominant source of crop burning emissions among all types of crop residues, followed by rape straw and wheat straw.