新疆土地荒漠化灾害及其对策

新疆生态环境脆弱，土地荒漠化十分严重。在遥感、地理信息系统等技术支持下，研究新疆土地荒漠化的孕灾机理及过程，建立土地荒漠化灾害扔监测及预警系统，对于新疆生态环境建设具有重要意义。新疆的土地荒漠化有多种表现形式，土壤盐渍化、土壤风蚀、土地沙漠化等是重要的几种荒漠化类型。以位于塔里木盆地的塔里木河下游阿拉干地区为例，该区土地沙质荒漠化的面积百分率已由20世纪50年代末期的86．98％，上升到90年代后期的94．78％。受土地荒漠化的影响，与荒漠化相关的灾害主要发生在4个地理区域，干旱、大风、沙尘暴等自然灾害频繁发生，严重地影响到区域的生态安全。荒漠化及其灾害的综合治理是生态环境建设的重要方略。

Desertification Disasters and Their Countermeasures in Xinjiang

Ecological environment has fragility and land desertification is very serious in Xinjiang.With the support of remote sensing and GIS as well as related techniques,land desertification mechanism and process are studied. At the same time,building up monitoring and forecasting danger system of desertification disasters has an important significance for ecological construction in Xinjiang.There are several desertification types in Xinjiang,such as,soil salinization,soil erosion and land sandy desertification,and so on.Taking Alagan area,the lower reaches of Tarim River in Tarim Basin,the rate between desertified land area and total area is increased by 86.98% in the end of 1950s to 94.78% in the later period of 1990s.Affected by desertification,the disasters that have close relationship with desertification are mainly in existence in four geographical areas.Meanwhile,some disasters including drought and strong wind as well as sand dust storm happen frequently,which severely affect regional ecosafty.The integrated countermeasures are of important strategies for ecological construction.