意大利杨纤维形态和化学组成的研究

<正>用投影显微镜测定了意大利杨木(I—214、I—72、I—63、I—69)的纤维长度、宽度、壁厚和腔宽,其结果为:纤维长度1040—1130微米,宽度22—24微米,长宽比45—47,壁厚2.38—3.06微米,腔宽10.92—13.88微米,壁腔比0.37—0.49。分析了四种意大利杨木的化学组成,其结果为:灰分0.52—1.03％,热水抽出物2.14—3.45％,苯-醇抽出物1.84—2.24％,1％氢氧化钠抽出物17.84—21.88％,木素22.37—23.40％,酸溶木素1.72—2.38％,综纤维素77.35—80.62％和戊聚糖24.48—27.17％。 从纤维形态看,意大利杨木纤维较短,但是纤维的长宽比较大和壁腔比较小,从化学组成看,意大利杨木的综纤维素含量较高,木素含量较低,蒸煮时碱消耗低,生产化学浆的得率较高,得到的纸浆易漂白。因此,意大利杨木是制浆造纸较好的原料。

STUDIES ON THE FIBER DIMENSION AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF ITALIAN POPLARS

Fiber length, fiber width, wall thickness and lumen width of wood of four species of Italian poplars ( I-214, 1-72/58, 1-63/51, 1-69/55) have been determined with a projection microscope. Fiber length was found to be 1040-1130nm, fiber width 22/24um, length/width ratio 45/47, wall thickness 2.38-3.06nm, lumen width 10.92-13.88nm, Runkel ratio 0.37-0.49. Chemical components of wood of these four species of Italian poplars have also been analysed. Ash was found to be 0.52-1.03%, hot water extractive 2.14-3.45%, benzene-alcohol extractive 1.84-2.24%, 1% sadium hydroxide extractive 17.84-21.88%, lignin 22.37-23.40%, acid soluble lignin 1.72-2.38%, hoiocellulose 77.35-80.62% and pentosans 24.48%.Although the wood fibers of the four species of Italian poplars are comparatively short, their length/width ratio is relatively large ani Runkel ratio small. They have a high content of holo:ellulose and a low content of lignin, resulting in a high yield in the proiu:tion of chemical pulp which is easy to bleach, with a low consumption of alkali when cooked. Therefore, the four Italian poplars are good material for pulping and paper-making.