乡村工业化地区土地利用变化及驱动力分析--以福建省晋江市为例

基于不同时相(1988和2000年)的遥感数据,在GIS支持下对晋江市12年来土地利用的数量和空间变化特征进行分析,并探讨了晋江市土地利用变化的驱动力.研究表明:(1)建设用地(主要是城镇用地、农村居民点与工矿用地)通过大量占用农用地而急剧增加,已成为主要的土地利用类型.土地利用多样性指数和破碎度指数提高,优势度减小;建设用地的空间分布趋于集中化,农用地则趋于破碎化和分散化.(2)政策体制转变和侨乡因素推动的乡村工业化、城镇化是引起晋江市土地利用大规模变化的根本驱动力.城镇用地扩展的主要驱动力是城镇人口的增加和第三产业的发展;农村居民点与工矿用地变化的驱动力主要来自分散布局的乡镇企业的发展以及乡村住宅建设需求增长.

An Analysis on Land Use Change and Driving Forces in Rural Industrialized Areas--A Case Study of Jinjiang City, Fujian

With the support of GIS approach and on the basis of interpreting RS images of Jinjiang city in 1988 and 2000 , analyzes the land use change characteristics of the city, including temporal and spatial dimensions,and also expounds the driving forces of land use change. The conclusions can be distinguished as follows: (1) The construction land, particularly the urban land and the residential and industrial land in rural area, has sharply increased by occupying great amounts of farmland and become the main land use type of the research area. The above-mentioned trend of land use change resulted in the rising of landscape diversity index and fragmentation index, however, the landscape dominance decreased. The spatial distribution of construction land had a prominent tendency to centralization, but the spatial distribution of farmland had a adverse tendency, that is, become more fragmented and decentralized. (2) The booming of rural industrialization and urbanization under the influences of economic system and policy transformation and the city's status as one of overseas Chinese hometowns was key driving forces of the massive land use change. Particularly, the growth of urban and town population and the development of the tertiary industry were the main driving forces of urban land expansion, and the change of rural residence land and industrial-mining land mainly resulted from the development of rural township enterprises distributing dispersedly and the increase of demand of rural residences.