中国秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放时空分布

秸秆露天焚烧过程中释放的各种气态污染物和颗粒物,是我国大气污染的重要来源之一。本研究通过问卷调查和模型计算,确定了我国秸秆露天焚烧的活动水平,采用排放因子法建立了我国秸秆露天焚烧一次大气污染物的排放清单,并分析了其时间和空间分布特征。根据问卷调查结果,我国农村平均秸秆露天焚烧比例为18.59%,焚烧量最大的为农业发达的华东和华北地区,高峰在10月前后。2006年,我国生物质露天焚烧主要大气污染物的排放量为PM2.5217万t,BC4.9万t,OC48万t,SO26.0万t,NOx36万t,NMVOC87万t,CO731万t,CO215450万t,CH437.4万t,NH38.4万t。

Spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutant emissions from open burning of crop residues in China

Emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants from open burning of agriculture residues are one of the important sources of air pollution in China. This paper investigated the percentage of crop residues open burning through questionnaire, calculated the emissions of primary air pollutants from crop residue open burning in China, and analyzed its temporal and spatial distributions. The average proportion for crop residue open burning is 18.59%. Most of the burning happens in eastern and southern of China, and large amount is burned in October. In 2006, emissions from open burning of crop residues were 2 170 Gg for PM2.5, 49 Gg for BC, 480 Gg for OC, 60 Gg for SO2, 360 Gg for NOx, 870 Gg for NMVOC, 73 10 Gg for CO, 154 500 Gg for CO2, 374 Gg for CH4, and 84 Gg for NH3.