基于帕累托优化的农业用水定价机制与模型研究

在综合考虑供水单位和农民双方利益的基础上,从经济学角度探讨了基于帕累托优化的农业用水定价机制,建立了考虑国家对农民直接补贴的基于帕累托优化的农业用水的水价模型。以陕西省关中地区为例,初步确定了灌区保本运营的政府对农业亩灌溉用水的直补定额,并分析了其节水综合效益及这一促进农业节水的激励制度设计的优越性和与之配套的制度设计。研究得出,在现有的条件下,通过利用市场水价调节机制提高水价,从经济学角度实现水资源配置的帕累托最优化,使水资源达到供需平衡,是实现节水农业的经济和现实途径。但在农民对提高农业水价承受能力较弱的现实条件下,水价的调整必须保护农业的基本用水需求和农民利益,对农户适当补贴才能使供、用水双方达到帕累托最优化状态。为此,可建立现实的激励节水机制,且力争达到政府对农户直补资金有较高的投入产出比,只有这样,方可调动农业供、用水双方的节水积极性,对发展节水农业产生重要的推动作用。

Agricultural Water Fixed Price Mechanism and Model Research on the Basis of Pareto Optimum

This paper discussed agricultural water fixed price mechanism on the basis of Pareto optimum from economic angle, comprehensively considering supply unit and farmers' benefits, set up an agricultural water price model of direct subsidy to farmers by the government. Taking Guanzhong irrigation district of Shaanxi Province for an example, we preliminarily ascertained direct subsidy quota from government to farming on the basis of guaranteed operation, analyzed its composite water-saving results, advantages of this system and its corresponding design. Under the existing condition, we draw the conclusion that it will be an economical and practical approach to improve water price through market water price regulating mechanism, collocate water resource optimum, and attain water resource co-ordination of supply and demand. for the farmers' poor capacity for the higher water price, its regulating must ascertain the essential agricultural water use and farmers' benefits, give some proper subsidy so as to arrive the bilateral Pareto optimum,and set up a practical encouraging water-saving mechanism. The direct subsidy has the high input and output ratio, it may arouse the supply unit and farmers' water-saving activity, meanwhile it can play an important role in prompting water-saving agriculture.