锚杆支护防错原理及锚杆合理安设方式的探讨

复合顶板活动和岩层变形到破坏经历层间相对错动、层间离层及逐层弯曲折断三个阶段，复合顶板层间动是顶板变形破坏的初始阶段，由力学分析知，锚杆防止层面之间错动的作用原理是通过锚杆自身的截面剪切阻力来增加层面之间发生错动时的切向阻抗力，且通过锚杆的锚固作用来啬 层面之间的法向压力，从而提高层面之间锚动时的抗剪切摩擦阻力，由此，提出锚杆的最佳安设方式是，中间锚杆垂直顶板安设，两侧锚杆应与顶板成一定角度倾斜向两帮安设。．

Approach to the Principle of Bolt Support and Prevention of the Relative Position Movement of Lay and the Reasonable Mode of Bolts' Installation

The complex roof movement from distortion to destruction must experience three stages, namely, the stage of changing of the relative position of layers the stage of divorcing between the layers and the stage of curving and breaking. The stage of changing of the relative position of complex layers is the initial stage. According to the mechanics analysis, the principle of prevention of the relative position movement of layer is by dint of the resisting shearing of the bolts to fortify the tangential impedance force between the layers to avoid the relative position movement, and by dint of the fix force of the bolts to fortify the stress on normal direction to increase the force friction the layers, therefore pointing out that the optimum Installing form of the bolt is that the middle bolts must be vertically installed and the other bolts that on both sides must be installed to incline towards the sides.