德国教育改革的思想及其对我们的启示

德国教育在不断适应德国经济发展和社会进步的要求的过程中,形成了坚持学校包括大学发展的民主化、坚持社会国家原则、尊重各州文化教育自主权、追求教育机会均等和个人自由发展、强调理性批判和教育改革理论的建立等重要思想和循序渐进的教育发展与改革策略、党派之争与教育发展、教育制度中的异中有同与同中有异、建立和健全各种法令法规、重视教育研究与培养批判反省精神、注重终身教育和继续教育等特点。德国教育改革的思想对我国的教育发展有如下一些启示:改革教育首要的是改革教育观念;把教育改革作为社会改革的一部分;教育改革要着眼于长远。

On the Thought of German Education Reform and its Enlightenment to China

In the course of its adapting to the needs of both economic development and social progress, German education has formed such features as adhering to the democratic development of schools, espe -cially colleges and universities and also to the principle of society and country, respecting each state' s educational decision-making power, seeking after the equal opportunity for education and the freedom of the individual development, emphasizing the important ideas of establishment of the theories for both ra tional criticism and education reform, stressing the policies and strategies for the step-by-step development and reform of education, paying attention to the contradictions between different parties and similarities and differences among different educational systems, setting up laws and regulations, placing high importance on educational research and cultivating the consciousness of criticism and self-examination and of further and life-long education. The enlightenment of the thoughts of German education reform to China are the following: first, education reform primarily means the reform of educational beliefs; secondly, education reform serves as part of the social reform; thirdly, education reform aims at the future.