盘菌目Pezizales分类系统的演变及其分类特征的评价

盘菌目Pezizales亦称有囊益盘菌类(Operculate Discomycetes)。就现代的意义来讲,所有的有囊盖盘菌均属此目,但并非所有的盘菌目成员都具有囊盖。试目已知约145属,870余种。它是盘菌中仅次于蜡钉菌目Helotiales的第二大目。自Linnaeus(1758)建立起科学的植物分类学以来,至今已有二百多年的历史。在这期间,盘菌目也和其它生物类群一样,其分类系统发生了巨大的变化。

The Evolution of Classification of Pezizales and the Review of Characters for Taxonomy

Persoon (1801)was one of the first to make a systematic cupfungi taxonomy. Fries (1822, 1849) established an important discomycete classification on the base of Persoon.Afthough valuable studies on the discomycetes were attempted by Persoon, Fries, Fuckel,Karsten, Cooke et al,it was a fact that the natural discomycete classification had not been elected untill Boudier (1855,1907) who was the first to introduce the opereulum of ascus into the discomycete taxonomy and proposed the classification of operoulate and inoperculate Discomycetes. Boudier's work was an important landmark on the evolution of the discomycete classification. The operculate Discomycetes (Pezizales) later was further developed and reshaped by Le Gal, Rifai, Eckblad,Korl,Trappe et al. Hawksworth et al (1983) Proposed a modern classification of Pezizales (including 13 families).The value of ascocarp,excipulum,hair epithecium hymenium,ascus,ascospore,the number of ascospcre, paraphysis, pigment and habitat for taxonomy are also reviewed in this pager.