自主体-因果力:“自由意志危机”的一种化解

李贝特的"迟半秒"实验以及魏格纳的副现象论直接威胁了自由意志的本体论地位,引起了"自由意志危机",但国内外许多著名学者通过新的解读认为这些并不能证明自由意志不存在,其中蒂莫西.奥康纳的自主体—因果力理论则是独树一帜的。他关注的是行动的整个因果链及其解释,从本体论的角度讨论了自主体的原因作用和理由的解释相关性,认为自主体具有基于突现属性的自主体—因果力,是行动产生的原因。但该力具有概率性的结构化倾向,理由则从因果上构造了自主体—因果力并为该力发挥选择作用限定了范围。该理论对因果关系的形而上学问题、心灵的动力学问题以及行动哲学中的行动解释问题有所启示,不失为解决自由意志危机的一种系统而有深度的方案。

Agent-causal Power: A Solution to “the Crisis of Free Will”

It is the "late half a second" experiment conducted by Libet and the epiphenomenalism of Wegner that directly pose threat to the ontological status of free will,leading to "the crisis of free will".However,many famous scholars at home and abroad claim by new interpretations that these doesn’t prove the lack of free will,and thereinto,the agent-causal power theory of Timothy O’Connor is unique.He focuses on the whole causal chain of action and its explanation.He discusses how an agent plays a role and the explanatory correlation of reason from the ontological perspective,and believes that an agent,as the cause,owns the causal power based on the emergent property.But the power has the structural tendency of probability,thus the reason causally constructs the agent-causal power and prescribes a limit to the selection of the agent-causal power.This theory can be regarded as a systematic and profound solution to the crisis of free will.