论《四声猿》的悲剧主题

徐渭《四声猿》题名寓有悲意,以浓深凄凉的悲剧意识为主线连成整体。《狂鼓史》为现实悲剧:祢衡向曹操复仇是作者利用传统善有善报、恶有恶报的大众心理作幻想式的精神安慰,非现实可行之路。《玉禅师》为人性悲剧:以清修廿余载的玉通禅师无法摆脱“情”和“复仇”两大人类普遍心理暗示尘世凡人更难以摆脱,而“情”和“复仇”恰是悲剧的根源。《雌木兰》为妇女悲剧:特定条件成全了女英雄花木兰,但除去特定条件,木兰就像广大封建社会妇女一样成为悲剧的牺牲品。《女状元》为官宦悲剧:徐渭以女子自比是基于传统文人心态,但官宦的终点是禁锢个人的聪明才智,成为奴才。

On the Tragic Theme of the Sorrowful Ape

Abstract;Xu Wei's the Sorrowful Ape is composed of four tragedies. They are organised into a whole by strong tragic consciousness which is also implied by the topic. The first tragedy, Suxaring at Cao Coo ,is a realistic one. From the popular point of view , "Good will be rewarded with good, and evil with evil",Xu Wei makes the character Mi Heng who takes his revenge on Cao Cao. In fact, this plot is not feasible, but an illusory spiritual console. The second one, the Chan Master , is a tragedy of humanity. It suggests that love and hatred are the origins of tragedies. No one,even the Chan Master named Yu Tong who has practised Buddhism for more than twenty years , can not free himself from the two universal psychologies of human beings. The third, the Heroine , is a dirge for women living in the feudal society. Even though given conditions help her to becoming a heroine,Hua Mulan is still a tragic victim and there is no difference between herself and the other sisters. In the forth tragedy, the Woman Number One Scholar , a tragedy of the feudal officials, Xu Wei likens himself to a woman (just like the other traditional Chinese scholars do) and reveals that the system of feudalism confines the intelligence and wisdom of the officials and reduces them to the status of flunkeys.