花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L.)雄性不育株和可育株的细胞学及生理生化研究

本文细胞学研究表明,花椰菜雄性不育途径复杂,表现为造孢细胞异常分裂、小孢子母细胞部分解体、四分体数目少、单核孢子不正常发育、绒毡层提前解体、花粉囊扭曲、输导组织发育不良;电镜研究表明,可育株的花粉粒富含线粒体、高尔基体、内质网等细胞器,不育株花粉粒中除液泡外,细胞器少,线粒体部分解体;过氧化物酶活性在花球期和单核后期不育株高于可育株,四分体时期和单核前期相反;细胞色素氧化酶活性除单核后期外,不育株均高于可育株;游离氨基酸含量在四分体时期不育株和可育株中都很高,以后下降,可育株的下降幅度大于不育株,具体氨基酸则又有其变化的特异性。

Cytological and Physiological Studies on Male Sterile and Fertile Plants of Cauliflower(Brassica olerbcea L.)

Cytological observation of this paper showed that the causes of male sterile in cauliflower can be attributable to abnormality of microsporogeneous mitosis; partial disinlegration of miorospore mother cells; less tetrads developed; abnormal development of microspore; earlier degeneration of tapetum; twisted pollen sao and abn ormal development of vascular bundle. Electron microscope observation showed that pollen grain of fertile cauliflower are rich in mitochondria, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, erc; Whereas pollen grains of male sterile cauliflower are poor in organella, only vacuoles and partial degenerated mitochondria are founded. At the flower bud stage and the later phase of uninucleate stage, the activities of peroxidase in male sterile plants is higher than that in fertile plants, while at the tetrad stage and the earlier phase of uninucleate stage, is lower. The activities of cytochrome oxidase in male sterile plants is higher than that in the fertile plants expect at later uninucleate stage.The contents of free aminoaeids in male sterile and fertile plants have their specificity.