广东省海岸带海水养殖业污染贡献率研究

广东省海岸线较长,近海海水养殖业发达,但海水养殖业带来的面源污染还没有引起重视.文章利用排污系数及产量定量评估了广东省沿海海水养殖排污量及污染贡献率,并基于卫星遥感影像提取了养殖面积与类型,对比分析了广东省粤东与粤西地区海水养殖区与环境污染区的关系.研究结果表明：①广东省沿海海水养殖N排放量为170 kt,P排放量为30 kt,COD排放量为360 kt,海水养殖面源污染的贡献率已达到25％.②广东省粤东与粤西高密度养殖区与近海环境污染严重区相吻合,养殖区与近海污染区具有明显的相关性.粤东养殖区及污染严重区域主要分布在潮州市饶平县的柘林湾、南澳县的猎屿岛海域、汕尾市的碣石湾；粤西养殖业及污染严重区域主要分布在湛江市的东海岛西侧及硇州岛海域,茂名市水东湾,雷州市的流沙湾,阳江市的海陵岛和南鹏列岛.海水养殖所产生的面源污染已成为近海海洋污染的主要污染源之一,海水面源污染的监测与研究需引起重视.

Mariculture pollution contribution rate of coastal water in Guangdong Province

With long coastline, Guangdong Province has a well-developed offshore aquaculture, but the nonpoint source pollution caused by mariculture hasn＇t been paid attentionto. This paper quantitatively assessed the amount of sewage and pollution contribution rate of marine aquaculture based on discharge coefficient and yield, meanwhile, extracted mariculture area and types from remote-sensing image, analyzed and compared the relationship between environmental pollution zone and the maricuhure zones which were located in eastern and western of Guangdong Province. The results showed that： 1 Guangdong coastal mariculture N emission was 170 kt, P emission was 30 kt and COD emission was 360 kt, mariculture non-point source pollution contribution rate has reached 25%. 2 The high-density mariculture zones which were located in eastern and western of Guangdong Province coincided with the location of the seriously-polluted coastal areas, and the coastal farming areas have a significant correlation with the coastal polluted areas. The serious pollution areas in east part were located in Tuolin Bay in Raoping County, Chaozhou City, coastal waters of Lieyu Island in Nan＇ao County and Jieshi Bay in Shanwei City, then, the west part included coastal waters of west of Donghai Island and Naozhou Island in Zhanjiang City, Shuidong Bay in Maoming City, Liusha Bay in Leizhou City, Hailing Island and Nanpeng Island in Yanjiang City. Maricuhure non-point source pollution has become one of the major sources of offshore marine pollution, we should pay attention to its monitoring and researches.