极地大气科学考察与全球变化研究

南极和北极是地球上的气候敏感地区，也是多个国际计划研究全球气候变化的关键地区。极地包含了大气、海洋、陆地、冰雪和生物等多圈层相互作用的全部过程，在全球气候的形成和变化中有重要的作用。极地大气科学考察与研究是极地科学研究的重要组成部分。到2008年初，我国自主组织了24次南极考察，2次北冰洋考察和4次北极站考察；建成了南极长城站、中山站和北极黄河站，并在南极冰盖设置了5个无人自动气象站；开展了有关极地大气科学与全球变化的研究。在南北极地区，进一步加强国际合作，继续监测包括近地面温度在内的大气要素的变化，提高极地气象业务水平；拓展极地气象业务和大气科学考察研究领域，积极获取气候代用资料；进一步量化和认识极地在全球变化中的作用，及其对我国天气气候和国民经济可持续发展的影响；建立完善极地大气科学研究体系，提高极地大气科学研究水平，仍是我国极地大气科学与全球变化研究的重要内容之一。

Polar Atmospheric Sciences Expedition and Research on Global Change

The Arctic and Antarctica are climatic sensitive areas on Earth, and are also key regions of many international research programs for climate change. Polar Regions are important to the formation and variation of global climate because they comprise all interactive processes among atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere and biosphere. Expedition and research on polar atmospheric science is an important component of polar science. By the early time of 2008, China has organized expedition to Antarctica for 24 times, twice to Arctic Ocean, and 4 times to Arctic station independently, and built the Great Wall station and Zhongshan station in Antarctica and Huanghe station in Arctic. Moreover, 5 automatic meteorological stations were also set up on the ice sheet of Antarctica. Researches relating to polar atmospheric science and global climate change are developing. However, many works need to be done to enhance our researches on polar atmospheric sciences and global climate change, such as further promoting international cooperation, keeping monitoring changes of atmospheric elements including near surface temperature, improving operational capability on polar meteorology, expanding investigating and studying fields on polar atmospheric science, getting climatic proxy data actively, further recognizing and quantifying the role of polar zones in global change and its impact on weather/climate and sustainable development of economy in China, and setting up an integrated system for polar atmospheric science research.