基于复杂网络的国际石油贸易关系定量研究

针对如何更加准确地评价国际石油贸易关系问题，开展了将该贸易关系进行网络化和结构化的特征指标量化分析研究。研究中以复杂网络理论进行网络化建模，以结构平衡理论进行定量分析，采用了计算聚类系数、平衡度等关键指标进行年度基准对比。获得了国际石油贸易关系网络随着贸易者数量的增加尤其是进口国数量增加，网络的聚类系数变大，平衡度值增加，整个贸易网络平衡性变差，贸易关系变得更加紧张这一结论。本研究采用网络化和结构化的方式进行关系评价，是将石油贸易关系的研究从定性推进至定量的有益尝试。     

石油类本科高校科技创新效率分析

运用DEA-BCC模型和DEA-Malmquist指数模型分析方法,对2007-2016年我国石油类本科高校的科技创新效率进行测度评价。结果表明:静态来看,2016年我国石油类本科高校科技创新综合效率、规模效率和纯技术效率均没有能够达到DEA有效,且各石油高校存在显著的差异性。石油高校科技创新资源配置规模与结构是提升科技创新综合效率的重要要素。从动态来看,大部分石油本科高校科技创新效率全要素生产率具有明显下降趋势,科技创新技术进步指数和技术效率变化指数两者较低是导致石油本科高校科技创新全要素生产率有所下降的重要原因。提升我国石油本科高校的科技创新效率应该逐步完善高校科研管理机制,培育高端技术科研人才;瞄准能源领域科技前沿,深化高校科技创新供给;加强产学研合作,推进科技创新成果市场转化。     

川西坳陷须三-须四段含油气系统生排烃过程与主要成藏期关系

川西坳陷不同地区须三-须四段含油气系统主要成藏期各不相同.作者以烃源岩演化过程中各阶段的最大古地温和最大埋深为基础,结合实钻资料,确立了川西坳陷须三-须四段含油气系统不同地区烃源岩的生排烃阶段,并利用不同生排烃阶段生排烃量、砂泥岩孔隙度变化和油气成藏之间的关系,确定了不同地区的主要成藏期,同时进行了对比研究.东西方向上,在中部地区该含油气系统的主要成藏期都为晚侏罗世;而在南北方向上,北部地区明显要早于中部和南部地区.     

贝尔凹陷含油气系统划分及特征

根据含油气系统划分的基本方法,海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷可以划出3个含油气系统,即铜钵庙组含油气系统、南屯组含油气系统、大磨拐河组含油气系统.3个含油气系统的关键时刻趋于一致,均为伊敏组末期.油气运聚单元的划分有利于认识盆地内油气的分布聚集规律,根据油气运移分隔槽及隔挡条件,可将铜钵庙组含油气系统划分为2个油气运聚单元,南屯组含油气系统划分为6个油气运聚单元,大磨拐河组含油气系统划分为3个油气运聚单元.     

论石油密度的测量及影响要素

石油密度的检测是石油在生产及运输过程中的重要质量控制手段,只有保证石油产品贸易中的密度计量的准确性,才能更好的维护贸易双方的合法权益。石油密度有着其特殊的测量方法及其特点,本文对此进行了探讨。     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.     

石油勘探开发系统动力学模型的建立及应用

分析了油田在石油勘探开发过程中内在的信息反馈结构与机制，以及相互之间的因果关系。运用系统动力学理论和方法，绘出了其系统动力学流图，并用Dynamo语言建立了能在计算机上运行的、人－机对话式的经济模型，并分析了主要模拟结果。研究结果表明，系统动力学可以应用到石油勘探开发系统中，并为之提供定量的预测分析结果，达到辅助油田科学决策的目的。     

Identification of petroleum aromatic fraction by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) is com-mercially available in the 1990s, with the characteristics of large peak capacity, high resolution, high sensitivity, etc. However, its application to the petroleum and geological analyses is just emerging in China and overseas. In this research, the analytical method for petroleum aromatic fraction using GC×GC-TOFMS is set up, via the choice of the column system and optimization of setting parameters, such as temperature programming, modulation time, hot pulse time, flow rate of carrier gas, data acquisition rate and data processing. The results indicate that different polar compounds of aromatic fraction distribute as bands on structured GC×GC chromatogram. Within each band, homologous compounds appear as a roof-tile structure based on the number of substituent residues. The aromatic compounds are identified and characterized according to the GC×GC chromatogram and mass spectra. According to the polarity and the number of rings, aromatic compounds are spatially present on one chromatogram, which directly reflects the distribution characteristics of complex compounds of aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, quantitative analysis is favored as some overlapped peaks on traditional GC-MS chromatogram have been separated completely on GC×GC. Some heterocyclic atom aromatic compounds at trace level can be clearly identified using this method, for polarity differences from other interfered aromatic compounds. The development of this method and chromatogram recognition offer petroleum geologists a practical example for the application performance of GC×GC-TOFMS.     

化学是社会发展的推动者

本文摘录自作者所著的《化学是什么》一书,该书由北京大学出版社出版。用5小节内容说明化学对社会发展、环境保护和人民生活所作出的贡献,提高公众对化学的认识：用火的化学活动使猿猴进化成人;石油能源的开采利用;玻璃的研制;环境和化学;青蒿素的化学改性。     

强化开采及油气重新运移聚集形成剩余油机理研究

运用流体势原理和油气运移成藏理论,研究了油田注水开发中强化开采及油气重新运移聚集形成剩余油机理和剩余油的分布规律。认为以储层非均质性和构造为主的静态因素与水动力、重力、浮力和毛细管力以及摩擦力等构成的动态因素共同控制剩余油的分布。其中水动力和浮力为油气重新运移聚集的主控因素。油藏内剩余油运移聚集遵循由高势区向低势区运聚的流体势原理。油藏内的低势闭合区是油气重新运移聚集的有利区域。研究结果表明,高含水后期剩余油分布总体上可以总结为"普遍分布、局部富集"。