酶法生产鸟氨酸菌株的筛选与培养

从土壤中筛选到一株可以利用胞内精氨酸酶生产鸟氨酸的菌株XT-025,通过形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),这是首次发现该种微生物可用以生产鸟氨酸。通过对其培养条件和转化条件的优化,确定了最佳的培养时间为24h,最合适的转化液成分为0.3mol/L的碳酸盐缓冲液,V(Na₂CO₃)∶V(NaHCO₃)为8∶2。同时发现Mn²⁺对精氨酸酶有很强激活作用,在添加适量Mn²⁺的条件下,鸟氨酸的产量能够达到50g/L,精氨酸摩尔转化率达到100%,而Sn⁴⁺和Cu²⁺则会使酶完全失活。     

粗糙脉孢霉瓜氨酸需求型突变株的分离

对粗糙脉孢霉双突变株ａｒｇ－４,ａｒｇ－１３进行了紫外诱变,利用过滤富集法分离了不能利用乌氨酸,能利用瓜氨酸的３个突变株,利用互补针分离的约６０个突变株分成了４个互补群,这可能代表４个独立的基因位点。     

高效液相色谱测定鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性方法的改进

对柴彪新等报道的高效液相色谱测定鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)活性的方法作了改进.结果表明,改进后的方法更灵敏,更简便,线性范围明显扩大,相关系数为0.9998,显著高于柴彪新等报道的0.9939.同时,新方法还可使苯甲酸和苯甲酰氯降到很低.     

几种抗肿瘤药物对ODC的抑制作用

本文报道用酸滴定法定量测定鼠伤寒沙门氏菌鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的方法。测定了丝裂霉素、“776”香菇多糖、博来霉素、米托葸醌、顺氨氯铂、安瘤乳口服液、环磷酰胺等抗肿瘤药物对鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的抑制作用。此外,还测定了丝裂霉素,“776”香菇多糖、博来霉素三种抗肿瘤药物对鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性抑制作用的动力学类型。     

Effects of Freund's complete adjuvant on the dirunal rhythms of neuroendocrine processes and ornithine decarboxylase activity in various tissues of male rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) on the diurnal rhythms of hormonal parameters in serum and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in various tissues of male rats. On days 1–2 after FCA, increase of ODC activity (used to evaluate the level of activation) was observed in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, liver and lymphoid tissues, while the ODC activity in the kidney was reduced. This was accompanied by an increase in serum corticosterone. On days 3–4 after FCA, ODC activity remained elevated in the pituitary gland, liver and lymphoid tissues, while the ODC activity in the testes and panceas was reduced; kidney ODC activity returned to baseline. This was associated with increased serum levels of prolactin (Prl) and luteinizing hormone, but decreased growth hormone, testosterone and insulin. The increase in ODC activity in the thymus, as well as the reduced ODC activity in the testes and kidney, can be obtained with paraffin. Furthermore, bromocryptine microcapsules (CBLA) reduced the FCA-induced increase of ODC activity in the pituitary gland, liver and lymphoid tissues (days 3–4) but did not affect the changes in other tissues. The increase in ODC activity in the pituitary gland, liver and lymphoid tissues is specific for FCA. A role for Prl in the induction of ODC in liver and lymphoid tissues is suggested by the fact that CBLA suppresses this enhancement.     

Lithium lowers renal,cardiac and splenic ornithine decarboxylase activity in mice

Summary A single i.p. injection of lithium chloride (5–7.5 moles/g b.wt) in mice caused a 70–80% decrease in renal, cardiac and splenic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity within 1 h, whereas pulmonary ODC activity was unaffected. Lithium chloride did not have any effect on ODC activity in vitro when added to homogenates of the tissues studied. We suggest that the effect of lithium on ODC activity is not direct, but mediated via e.g. hormonal or nervous influence.This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (04X-02212, 14X-00028), and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund (Sweden).     

Mechanism of polyamine tolerance in yeast: novel regulators and insights

Polyamines are small charged molecules essential for various cellular functions, but at high levels they are cytotoxic. Two yeast kinases, SKY1 and PTK2, have been demonstrated to regulate polyamine tolerance. Here we report the identification and characterization of additional genes involved in regulating polyamine tolerance: YGL007W, FES1 and AGP2. Deletion of YGL007W, an open reading frame located within the promoter of the membrane proton pump PMA1, decreased Pma1p expression. Deletion of FES1 or AGP2 resulted in reduced polyamine uptake. While high-affinity spermine uptake was practically absent in agp2Δ cells, fes1Δ cells displayed only reduced affinity towards spermine. Despite the reduced uptake, the resistant strains accumulated significant levels of polyamines and displayed increased ornithine decarboxylase activity, suggesting reduced polyamine sensing. Interestingly, fes1Δ cells were highly sensitive to salt ions, suggesting different underlying mechanisms. These results indicate that mechanisms leading to polyamine tolerance are complex, and involve components other than uptake. Received 31 July 2005; received after revision 7 October 2005; accepted 19 October 2005     

地塞米松对大鼠再生肝鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性及其基因表达的影响

采用高效液相色谱和原位杂交技术研究了地塞米松对大鼠再生肝鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)及ODCmRNA表达的影响.结果显示,大鼠完整肝脏中ODC水平较低,部分肝切除(PH)后2 h,不同处理组ODC活性开始升高,5 h达到最高值,其中:去肾上腺+NaCl组的酶活性高于对照组(去肾上腺假手术组),而去肾上腺+地塞米松处理组的酶活性低于对照组;24 h恢复到肝切除前水平.完整肝脏的ODC mRNA水平极低,PH后表达量迅速增加,5 h达到最大值,不同处理组mRNA水平的高低顺序与酶活性一致,12 h降至肝切除前水平.以上结果表明,在PH诱导的再生肝中,ODC mRNA表达量的增加或减少是造成ODC活性改变的原因之一,地塞米松对ODC活性及其mRNA的表达具有抑制作用,且主要表现在肝再生的早期.     

Changes in transglutaminase activity in carbon tetrachloride-damaged rat liver

Summary A significant decrease in transglutaminase (TGase) activity was observed in the cytosol and nuclear fractions of carbon tetrachloride-damaged rat liver. The degree of decrease in TGase activity in the cytosol fraction was closely related to the serum transaminase level. Gel filtration studies revealed that TGase activity in 80 kDa fractions significantly decreased, but that in 160 kDa fractions slightly increased after carbon tetrachloride treatment.     

粗糙脉孢霉arg—13 cDNA能互补酿酒酵母arg11突变侏

以粗糙脉孢霉Neurospora crassa arg-13基因作为探针筛选λgt10 cDNA文库,获得全长arg-13cDNA并能表型拯救arg-13突变株,进行了arg-13cDNA测序,为了进一步证实arg-13的功能,构建了GALI诱导表达的arg-13cDNA的载体,该载体能表型互补酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cervisiae arg11突变株,证实arg-13编码线粒体内膜鸟铵酸转运酶 ,并表明酶母线粒体膜易位蛋白复合物能定位粗糙脉孢霉线粒体内膜蛋白质。