不同Ca~(2+)浓度对斑节对虾光感受器细胞内储存的Ca~(2+)的影响

应用草酸-焦锑酸盐结合的沉淀技术研究了在不同Ca^2 浓度条件下斑节对虾光感受器细胞胞内储存的Ca^2 的变化，电镜观察表明：在高钙溶液培育后，细胞内的多囊体、色素颗粒、板膜体中都存在大量的焦锑酸钙沉淀的黑色颗粒，线粒体中则无；在生理溶液培育后，线粒体中出现沉淀，而其他Ca^2 储存器中焦锑酸钙沉淀的黑色颗粒则大量减少，低钙溶液培育后焦锑酸钙沉淀的黑色颗粒情况与生理溶液条件下的相似，研究证实光感受器细胞内储存的Ca^2 受到胞外Ca^2 浓度的影响。     

In vitro systems in the study of peroxisomal protein import

Our level of understanding of peroxisome biogenesis in comparison with other cellular organelles is rudimentary, yet the fragments of information available indicate that the targeting and import of peroxisomal proteins occur by fundamentally different mechanisms. Genetic studies have identified a number of genes required for peroxisome assembly, but in most cases the functions of the gene products remain unknown. In vitro protein translocation systems have played a prominent role in unravelling the biochemistry of protein translocation into other organelles. This review considers some of the requirements for establishing a bona fide peroxisomal import assay and discusses the findings which have emerged as a result of using such experimental systems.     

微生物线粒体衍生细胞器及产氢体研究进展

对线粒体衍生细胞器的动基体、线性体和隐性体以及产氢体的形态、结构、功能和起源等方面进行了综述,并总结了近十年来线粒体衍生细胞器及产氢体的研究进展.     

Contact and cellulolysis inClostridium thermocellum via extensile surface organelles

Summary The ultrastructural distribution of the cellulosome (a cellulose-binding, multi-cellulase protein complex) of the thermophilic anaerobe,Clostridium thermocellum, was investigated. The cellulosome is compacted into protuberant cell surface structures, which, upon interaction with cellulose, form extended contact corridors wherein cellulolysis apparently occurs.     

草丛土毛虫的超微结构观察

扫描电镜和透射电镜术显示,土壤纤毛虫草丛土毛虫(Territricha stramenticola)的额棘毛具有尖毛科纤毛虫模式,腹棘毛以"zig-zag"排列成棘毛数明显可辨的中腹棘毛列,纤毛器形态发生中部分老纤毛结构在新结构发生至成熟时经历了逐步变化和退化的过程,结果表明老纤毛结构对各纤毛器原基发生区及新纤毛结构形成的定位和物质贡献具有重要作用;细胞表面在无纤毛的皮层区如额区前端形成棘突样表面,在其他皮层表面则显示波纹样或网纹样结构,并在其表面区不规则分布有浅的凹陷.这也可能是纤毛虫在土壤颗粒间隙水中运动与环境相互作用的结果;细胞表膜下表质层明显由微管或纤维结构加厚,这可能与细胞对运动的支持或骨架作用有关;皮层胞质中线粒体和食物泡十分丰富,这可能与细胞在土壤特殊环境中能量的储存及食物缺少情况下或者细胞形成包囊时能量的利用有关.     

中华绒螯蟹感光细胞细胞器中的钙离子

用焦锑酸钙沉淀方法对中华绒螯蟹复眼感光细胞的钙离子在亚细胞水平上的分布进行了观察，结果发现细胞的膜下储泡囊、线粒体、多囊体和色素颗粒等细胞器都有焦锑酸钙的沉淀，当感光细胞处于暗适应时细胞器中焦锑酸钙沉淀的量明显多于光适应时细胞中的量，改变细胞外的钙离子浓度也会影响到这些细胞器中钙离子储存量．实验表明，膜下储泡囊、线粒体、多囊体，色素颗粒等储存的钙离子一起参与造成了感光细胞的光适应．     

Actin-based organelle movement

Evidence for actin-dependent organelle movement was first obtained from studies of cytoplasmic streaming in plants. These studies, together with cell-free organelle motility studies and biophysical analyses of muscle myosin, support a model whereby organelle-associated motor molecules utilize the energy of adenosine triphosphate binding and hydrolysis to drive movement along F-actin tracks Recent studies indicate that this mechanism for organelle movement may be responsible for organelle and vesicle movement during secretion, endocytosis and mitochondrial inheritance in a variety of eukaryotes.     

Mitochondrial distribution and inheritance

Mechanisms mediating the inheritance of mitochondria are poorly understood, but recent studies with the yeastsSaccharomyces cerevisiae andSchizosaccharomyces pombe have begun to identify components that facilitate this essential process. These components have been identified through the analysis of conditional yeast mutants that display aberrant mitochondrial distribution at restrictive conditions. The analysis of these mutants has uncovered several novel proteins that are localized either to cytoskeletal structures or to the mitochondria themselves. Many mitochondrial inheritance mutants also show altered mitochondrial morphology and defects in maintenance of the mitochondrial genome. Although some inheritance components and mechanisms appear to function specifically in certain types of cells, other conserved proteins are likely to mediate mitochondrial behavior in all eukaryotic cells.