贵州万峰林陆生贝类物种组成及区系分析

对贵州万峰林陆生贝类资源进行了初步考察,采获陆生贝类标本1444号.经鉴定,共49种（包括8个未定种）,隶属于12科25属.区系分析表明：万峰林的陆生贝类区系组成以东洋界种类为主,占种类总数的88%,其中以东洋界西南区种类为主,占种类总数的42%;同时也有少数古北界的种类渗透,占种类总数的9%;广分布种类较少,仅占种类总数的3%.     

南江峡谷公园陆生贝类物种多样性研究

对南江峡谷公园不同生境陆生软体动物的物种多样性进行了研究,在4个不同生境中进行了定量调查和采集,共获5 000余号标本,经鉴定,得65种,隶属于2个亚纲2目11科36属。多样性分析结果表明:4种不同生境的物种丰富度指数DMA的取值范围在1.092~4.492之间,多样性指数H′的范围是0.812~0.903,均匀度指数Jsw为0.250~0.505。根据不同生境物种的相似性系数CC进行系统聚类,4种生境在相似性系数为0.250水平时以被归并为两组,即原生森林组和次生环境组。原生森林一旦遭受彻底破坏,其内原有的陆生贝类物种种类和数量将会显著下降。     

兴义坡岗自然保护区陆生贝类资源调查及区系分析(腹足纲:前鳃亚纲;肺螺亚纲)

对贵州省兴义市坡岗自然保护区进行陆生贝类资源调查,共获得标本2 954号,经鉴定得66种(8个未定种),分隶于12科32属。区系分析表明:保护区内陆生贝类以东洋界种类为主,占种类总数的89%。东洋界西南区种类,占种类总数的33%;同时也有少数古北界的种类渗透,占种类总数的7%;广分布种类较少,仅占种类总数的4%。     

Response of mollusk assemblages from the Luochuan loess section to orbital forcing since the last 250 ka

This note presents a new result of terrestrial mollusk study from the Luochuan loess section since the last 250 ka. A total of 213 samples, taken at intervals of 10 cm in the S₀-L₃ portion, were analyzed for fossil mollusks. Generally, 150–600 individuals were counted in each sample. According to the distribution of mollusk fossil assemblages in the loess section, 11 mollusk fossil zones have been recognized, representing different climatic and ecological conditions. Three main ecological groups were identified according to the temperature and moisture requirements of each taxon. The cold-aridiphilous group shows maxima at about 240–220, 190–182, 150–140 and 74–66 ka BP. The thermo-humidiphilous set has high abundances for at least 6 times in the section at about 246–240, 220–216, 170–158, 92–86, 60–44 and 10 kaBP. Our results show that variations in mollusk ecological groups are related with changes in the Earth orbital parameters at the 41 and 20 ka frequencies. Maxima in thermo-humidiphilous taxa are in phase with accretion intervals of obliquity (41 ka period), reflecting the East Asian summer monsoon with 41 ka period in controlling variations in terrestrial mollusk ecological groups. In addition, maxima in thermohumidiphilous taxa appearing at about 246–240, 220–216, 60 and 10 kaBP, are consistent with procession (20 ka period) maxima, indicating that the procession period also plays an important role in adjusting the ecological pattern of mollusk groups.     

东寨港海湾尺度下红树林软体动物时空分布特征及驱动因子

研究海湾尺度下软体动物时空分布特征及驱动因子,为红树林湿地功能保护和管理提供科学依据。于2020年7月至2021年4月对海南东寨港湾口、湾中、湾顶3个典型红树林地点的软体动物的种类组成、物种多样性和群落结构进行四季调查,运用单因素方差分析和Pearson相关性分析软体动物时空格局及其与水环境因子的关系。结果显示：海湾内软体动物物种丰富,共采集到18科31种,优势种为珠带拟蟹守螺（Cerithidea cingulata）、小翼拟蟹守螺（Cerithidea microptera）、绯拟沼螺（Assiminea latericea）、短拟沼螺（Assiminea brevicula）、印澳蛤（Indoaustriella plicifera）、斯氏印澳蛤（Indoaustriella scarlatoi）等;年平均密度和年平均生物量分别为79.6 ind./m²和78.7 g/m²;Margalef丰富度指数（d）、Pielou均匀度指数（J）和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H''）分别为1.220±0.188,0.591±0.078,1.815±0.275。海湾内软体动物的密度和生物量存在显著的时空差异：从空间上来看,密度表现为湾口>湾顶>湾中,生物量表现为湾中>湾口>湾顶;从季节上来看,密度差异表现为春季和冬季高于夏季和秋季,生物量则表现为夏季最高。相关性分析结果表明,水体盐度、总溶解固体与软体动物的密度、生物量存在显著的正相关关系,是软体动物群落时空分布特征的主要驱动因子。     

滩涂生态牧场构建与展望

近年来,我国近海生物资源利用面临着重大转型与升级。在我国大力发展海洋牧场的背景下,拓展海洋牧场的发展区域尤为重要。本文首先分析了我国近海滩涂生物资源的利用现状,指出以传统滩涂贝类养殖方式为主的滩涂资源利用方式亟待转变。因此,在生态学原理指导下,使用各种工程技术手段,保护和增殖滩涂生物资源,发展滩涂生态牧场是海洋牧场建设的重要内容。根据生态系统类型的不同,滩涂生态牧场可分为滩涂贝类、牡蛎礁、海草床和红树林四种类型。此外,进行滩涂生态牧场构建时,需重点研发牧场选址技术、苗种培育技术、牧场环境监测技术、生态承载力评估技术和高效采捕技术等。在发展滩涂生态牧场的基础上,陆海统筹构建盐碱地生态农场、滩涂生态农牧场和海洋生态牧场,发展海岸带生态农牧场,是未来海洋牧场发展的重要方向。     

A new lysozyme from the eastern oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea virginica</Emphasis>) indicates adaptive evolution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">i</Emphasis>-type lysozymes

A new lysozyme (cv-lysozyme 2) with a MALDI molecular mass of 12 984.6 Da was purified from crystalline styles and digestive glands of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and its cDNA sequenced. Quantitative real time RT-PCR detected cv-lysozyme 2 gene expression primarily in digestive gland tissues, and in situ hybridization located cv-lysozyme 2 gene expression in basophil cells of digestive tubules. Cv-lysozyme 2 showed high amino acid sequence similarity to other bivalve mollusk lysozymes, including cv-lysozyme 1, a lysozyme recently purified from C. virginica plasma. Differences between cv-lysozyme 2 and cv-lysozyme 1 molecular characteristics, enzymatic properties, antibacterial activities, distribution in the oyster body and site of gene expression indicate that the main role of cv-lysozyme 2 is in digestion. While showing that a bivalve mollusk employs different lysozymes for different functions, findings in this study suggest adaptive evolution of i type lysozymes for nutrition. Received 30 August 2006; received after revision 14 October 2006; accepted 6 November 2006     

Effect of E. coli coli on Anti-disease Activities of Scailops: Argopecten irradians

The effect of acute E. coli challenge on the anti-disease activity of scallops Argopecten irra-dians is examined. The treatments of scallop from which hemolymph samples were taken for study included (1) control scallops, (2) sham-injected scallops, (3) PSW-injected scallops and (4) E. coli-injected scallops. From the beginning, the anti-disease activities of scallops are deter -mined at 12 hr and 24 hr.The concentrations of circulating hemocytes, the total serum protein concentrations and the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase in the scallops Argopecten irradians are determined.Injection with E. coli results in a significant elevation in the concentration of circulating hemocytes and in the alkaline phosphatase activity and a significant decline in the total serum protein concentration and in the superoxide dismutase activity at 24 hr postchallenge. It shows that metabolism of bay scallop is expedited to adopt the challenge.     

海洋贝类遗传育种研究20年

遗传育种在海洋贝类养殖产业发展中的作用越来越凸显．良种化养殖是未来贝类养殖的基本方向．本文主要根据作者20多年的研究成果，综合评述了海洋养殖贝类的群体遗传学、贝类染色体组操作技术、杂交和选择的理论与方法、功能基因及其育种辅助标记、遗传连锁图的构建和QTL定位、贝类遗传育种体系的建设等方面的研究进展，提出贝类育种研究的若干发展方向．     

格凸河景区陆生贝类资源调查及区系分析

对贵州紫云县格凸河景区进行陆生贝类资源调查,共获标本1 538号,经鉴定,得44种(含6个未定种),隶属于9科24属。区系分析表明:贵州紫云县格凸河景区陆生贝类区系组成以东洋界种类为主,占种类总数的84.21%,其中以东洋界西南区种类为主,占种类总数的39.47%;同时也有少数古北界的种类渗透,占种类总数的10.53%;广分布种类较少,仅占种类总数的5.26%。