Developmental modes of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon source rocks in China

Based on the researches on rock type, the mode of occurrence, diagnostic minerals and creatures, the sedimentary geochemistry and organic facies of Chinese marine source rocks from wells and outcrops, and on the research findings of developmental modes of foreign marine source rock, the authors consider that it is impossible to objectively make clear the formation mechanism of hydrocarbon source rock with high organic matter abundance by either single mode of preservation or high organic matter productivity. According to the Chinese geological features, the formation mechanism of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine source rock is generalized into four modes, namely, thermal water activity-upwelling flow-anoxic; carbonate gentle slope-upwelling flow; xerothermic climate-brine euxinic milieu; and humid climate-retained euxinic milieu; as the Lower Cambrian undercompensation basin organic facies （the Tarim Basin, South China and southwestern margin of North China）, carbonate gentle lime mud bound organic facies （the Upper Ordovician in Tazhong region of the Tarim Basin and the Lower Silurian in the Upper Yangtze Platform）, the Middle Cambrian evaporation laggon organic facies （the Tarim Basin and the Upper Yangtze Platform）, enclosed undercompensation terrigenous bay organic facies （the Middle-Upper Ordovician in the west of the Tarim Basin, the Lower Silurian Long- maxi Formation in the Upper Yangtze platform）. Chinese marine sedimentations with lower organic matter abundance are generalized into two modes of consumption-dilution mode of open epicontinental sea and depletion-dilution mode of supercompensation basin.     

中国亚热带东部丘陵区农田生态系统水循环特征

以水量平衡理论为基础,定量研究中国亚热带东部丘陵区农田生态系统在自然状态下与人类影响条件下的水循环特征,探讨农田生态系统水循环过程与区域性水循环过程之间的差异。结果显示:本区多年平均生态需水量2756.4×108m3,降水过程满足了其中的81%,亏水量534.5×108m3,剩余水量1666.5×108m3;系统中水稻的有效降水量虽然很大,但水分满足率最低;薯类、豆类等作物的有效降水量小,但水分满足率较高。然后分析了历年水旱灾害记录与农田生态系统水循环过程之间的对应关系,以证明结果的准确性。     

湿空气非预混火焰回流区速度特性的实验

为了寻找特性速度对火焰结构的规律性影响,使用粒子图像速度仪(PIV)测量圆盘形钝体后甲烷/湿空气非预混火焰的回流区速度场,得到火焰的平均速度场分布.结果表明,在中心燃料未穿透回流区时,中心轴线上存在2个滞止点;与普通的燃烧火焰相比,湿空气燃烧2个滞止点之间的距离变短,最小无量纲速度偏大,其位置曲线具有3个明显的变化阶段,分别代表不同的燃烧状态;在不同的空气速度下,中心轴线上的最小速度及其所处位置都具有大致相同的函数关系,表明燃空速度比是控制燃烧火焰结构的一个重要参数.     

饱和器底部温差对HAT循环性能的影响

研究了饱和器底部温差ＳＴＤ对循环性能的影响，理论分析发现，随着饱和器底部温差的增加，循环效率随之降低，而饱和器出口处空气的含湿量，单位输出功的水消耗及比功都有所提高，通过中冷器，后冷器及热水器的水流量也随之增大，当饱和器出口空气的相对湿度增大时，循环电端效率。单位输出功的水消耗及比功都有一定幅度的提高，通过中冷器，后冷器及热水器的水流量却有所降低，就水流量而言，从饱和器底部放出的水量（ＭＷ４）较多     

东北地区低能耗生态农宅集成优化采暖技术性能研究

以阜新地区低能耗生态农宅和传统住宅为研究对象,运用现场实测的方法,从采暖源散热面温度分布、室内热湿环境、室内空气品质及经济性评价等方面对采暖效果进行对比分析,验证了集成优化采暖技术在冬季的采暖优势.生态农宅冬季室内环境要明显优于传统住宅,虽然生态农宅初投资增加了18%左右,但每个冬季大约可节省3t的采暖用煤.生态农宅模式符合可持续建筑理念,为东北地区新农村建设提供了技术支撑.     

准噶尔盆地北缘山前带湿地扇沉积特征及控藏作用

综合野外露头、岩心、钻测井以及分析测试资料等,对准噶尔盆地北缘哈拉阿拉特山山前带侏罗系八道湾组开展了系统的沉积相研究。结果表明:八道湾组一段沉积时期,受构造背景、古物源、古气候的综合影响,哈山南缘山前带发育一套典型的湿地扇沉积,可识别出扇根、扇中、扇缘三种亚相,扇中可进一步分为辫状水道和泥炭沼泽两类微相;在明确了相类型及其展布特征的基础上,建立研究区湿地扇沉积相模式,其在岩性特征、沉积序列、平面规模、微相组合等方面均与洪积扇有明显区别;山前带湿地扇沉积区具有良好的勘探潜力,有利的微相、岩石相以及原始沉积组构共同控制着油藏分布,其中扇中辫状水道砂砾岩相和粗砂岩相为原油富集的有利储集相带。     

Agroforestry in Mexico: Can the past be a guarantee for the future?

Some aspects of agroforestry systems in Mexico are reviewed, including the chinampas, a unique type of prehispanic home-garden, still in use today, mainly in the Mexico valley; the Huastec té'lom (in the north of Veracruz State) an agroforestry technique used by the farmers for sustainable exploitation of natural resources; and forest-farming among the Maya (Yucatan), a production strategy which has evolved over a long period. Some other, more recent agroforesting techniques are also reviewed. The discussion emphasizes the biological, ecological and social significance of agroforestry systems. Agroforestry, however, must be considered within its socio-economic context. Assessing the needs and potentialities of a region must be the first step towards integrating agroforestry systems into the socio-economic realities of today.     

中国东部晚更新世湿润气候的初步探讨

本文以理论分析为基础,根据典型地区孢粉植物群落的生态环境,哺乳动物群的生活环境和沉积物的沉积环境,提出中国东部晚更新世为湿润气候的新看法,并着重讨论了长江中下游庐山冰期时的冷湿气候特征。     

加湿回流湍流扩散燃烧流场的实验研究

实验测量了加湿、不加湿状况下钝体后丙烷/空气湍流扩散燃烧流场,分析了两种燃烧流场的异同点.实验中采用粒子图像速度场(PIV)测量技术测量了钝体后加湿、不加湿扩散燃烧流场的速度分布,利用高温热电偶测量了两种流场火焰内部的温度分布,使用气体分析仪测量了两种流场的NO分布.结果表明:加湿扩散燃烧流场与不加湿扩散燃烧流场虽然总体相似,但加湿使得燃烧流场回流区中心的位置前移、回流区长度减小、燃烧区最高温度降低,并且使得燃烧室内的NO浓度降低;加湿有利于燃烧室轴向尺寸的缩小,提高了燃烧室内温度分布的均匀度,降低了污染物的排放.     

高温高湿地区夏季室内热环境改善的实例研究

以１９９９年夏季在位于南宁地区的一栋实验太阳房所进行的热工测试为例,对比分析太阳房室内热环境,讨论隔热墙体,空气调节系统,屋面铁板辐射致冷等措施在高温高湿地区建筑室内热环境改善方面的可行性,表明实验太阳房夏季室内热环境有明显改善,但尚未达到舒适的温度。