中碳钙硫易切削钢夹杂物形态控制

在实验室进行了1 kg坩埚实验,研究了中碳高硫结构钢钙处理前后夹杂物的形态、尺寸及组?结果表明:钢钙处理后获得了可以改善钢切削性的纺锤形夹杂物,夹杂物的平均纺锤形率为68.11%,并且随钢中[Ca]/[S]增加夹杂物纺锤形化趋势增加;钙处理后小于2.5 μm的夹杂物占夹杂物总量的76.05%,夹杂物细小、弥散分布于钢基体中;夹杂物类型以钙铝酸盐芯硫化物外壳的复合夹杂物、(Mn,Ca)S形式的硫化物为主,有少量的铝酸钙与CaS的复合夹杂物;含钙硫的45钢铸态钢锭比普通45钢铸态钢锭切削性能有所改善.     

Effects of elemental Sn on the properties and inclusions of the free-cutting steel

A new environment-friendly free-cutting steel alloyed with elemental Sn (Y20Sn) was developed to meet the requirements of machinability and mechanical properties according to GB/T8731-1988. The machinability of the steel is enhanced by the segregation of elemental Sn at grain boundaries. The effect of Sn segregation on intergranular brittle fracture at normal cutting temperature from 250℃ to 400℃ is confirmed. The formation mechanism of main inclusions MnS is influenced by the presence of Sn and the attachment of Sn around MnS itself as a surfactant, and this mechanism also explains the improvement in machinability and mechanical properties of the steel. In the steel, the relevant inclusions are mainly spherical or axiolitic, and are uniformly distributed in small volume. Such inclusions improve the machinability of the steel and do not impair the mechanical properties as well. Experimental results demonstrate that the appropriate content of Sn in the steel is 0.03wt% to 0.08wt%, and the remaining composition is close to that of standard Y20 steel.     

BT303CuS易切削不锈钢轧件劈头的研究

对BT303CuS易切削不锈钢热轧过程中产生的轧件头部开裂原因进行了分析,发现轧件劈头与钢中硫化物的形态有关,利用热模拟实验研究了加热温度对轧件硫化物形态变化影响,在此基础上确定出最佳加热温度范围是1200～1280℃.同时采取了控制轧件头部冷却水、使用新型导卫及增设工序飞剪等一系列工艺措施,显著减少了轧制缺陷,中间废品率由5.67%下降到1.38%,使宝钢股份特钢事业部长型材生产线形成批量生产该钢的能力.     

易切削钢9SMn28凝固过程的CAFE法模拟

为了耦合缩孔和疏松模拟凝固过程三维微观组织,对元胞自动机--有限元(CAFE)法的物理本质和数值计算方法进行了分析,采用CAFE法对易切削钢9SMn28铸件进行了凝固过程、缩孔和疏松及三维微观组织的模拟.模拟结果表明:在空冷条件下,铸件表层的凝固是在连续降温过程中进行的,内部是先等温凝固,后降温凝固;缩孔和疏松模拟结果与实际铸件的基本相符;实现了9SMn28合金三维微观组织的模拟,模拟结果与实验吻合较好.     

Effects of sulfur addition methods and Ca-Si treatment on the microstructure and properties of 30MnVS

The effects of sulfur addition methods and Ca-Si treatment on the microstructure and properties of free-cutting non-quenched and tempered steel 30MnVS were investigated by using optical microscopy, SEM and tensile test methods. The results show that sulfur addition methods influence the morphology of sulfides and the properties of 30MnVS slightly. Ca-Si treatment is beneficial for the formation of complex sulfides which normally have oxide cores, therefore, improving the distribution of sulfides in the tested steel and enhancing its toughness. The two methods, pyrite addition during LF process and S wire feeding during VD process, slightly influence the morphology and distribution of sulfides and the properties of 30MnVS; Ca addition not only promotes the nucleation of sulfides on the cores of calcium aluminate inclusions, but also creates modification effect on MnS, reducing the relative plasticity and hot deformability of sulfides during hot rolling process, thereby reducing the length/width value of sulfides and improving their distribution, and significantly enhancing its mechanical properties, in particular, the impact toughness increased by 30%.     

YF45V(CaS)钢切削加工性及易切机理

通过诸项切削加工性对比实验证实。易切削非调质钢YF45V(CaS)比45钢正火态与调质态的切削性能均优越。这主要是易切型夹杂物在切削中起着应力集中源。包裹润滑及覆盖膜等作用。     

锻造工艺对非调质钢35MnVS组织与性能的影响

利用GLEEBLE 1500热模拟试验机、光学及电子显微镜等手段,研究了锻造工艺对易切削非调质钢35MnVS显微组织与机械性能的影响。结果表明:该钢加热至1 200℃时组织仍无明显粗化。终锻温度与锻后冷却速度是控制该钢性能的主要因素。适当控制终锻温度(950—1 000℃)和锻后冷却速度(不大于2℃/s)可获得良好的综合机械性能。在形变量15％—45％范围内,随形变量的增大,钢在空冷后亦可获得满意的强韧性。     

刀具温度场对刀具表面覆盖膜的影响

研究了ＴｉＣ类硬质合金刀具切削Ｃａ－Ｓ易切不锈钢时，刀具温度场及其对刀具表面覆盖膜的影响。结果表明，覆盖膜形成时，在距主切削刃０．２５－０．５ｍｍ范围内，靠近前刀面处垂直前刀面的温度梯度比无覆盖膜时的温度梯度小得多，使覆盖膜／前刀面间的温度在切上过程中维持在８８０－５８０℃之间，为形成稳定覆盖膜创造了最佳温度环境。     

定向凝固研究易切削钢中硫化物的生成行为

通过定向凝固实验研究了易切削钢中硫化物的生成过程,并建立了枝晶臂间距、硫化物的平均直径与凝固条件之间的关系.实验结果表明:随着温度梯度和拉速的增大,MnS的平均直径减小,数量增多;定向凝固过程中硫化物的完全析出温度大约在固相线温度下100℃左右,MnS形态的改变,主要受其组成元素的活度影响,即MnS形态的改变受其界面自由能的影响;对定向凝固实验中钢的枝晶臂间距、硫化物的平均直径与凝固条件的关系进行了拟合,拟合结果与前人研究结果相吻合.     

稀土对硫易切削奥氏体不锈钢切削性与耐蚀性的影响

本文研究了稀土对硫易切削奥氏体不锈钢切削性能及耐蚀性的影响,结果表明,由于稀土的加入,改变了硫化物的组成和形态,并显著降低了一些氧化物夹杂(Al_2O_3,SiO_2等)对切削性能的有害影响。当稀土和硫的加入量适宜时,不仅钢的切削加工性能得到显著改善,而且在H_2SO_4,HNO_3以及3％NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性也接近甚至优于基础钢。