谈“十四五”生态保护与绿色发展的生态关系

 从“十四五”保护与发展的生态关系角度，探讨了生态保护与绿色发展的十大生态关系，阐述了生态保护和绿色发展中的一系列有关生态关系的生态智慧及生态技术，并对长江、黄河等流域的生态保护和修复提出了相关建议。     

Coral reef tanaidacean assemblages along the SW and SE Gulf of Mexico: biodiversity,geographic distribution and community structure

The biodiversity, geographic distribution, and community parameters of the benthic tanaidaceans associated with three coral reefs along the SW and SE Gulf of Mexico were analysed. A total of 15,525 specimens were grouped in 36 species. The highest value of abundance was found in the PNSAV with 6382 tanaidaceans. The PNSAV presented 30 species, the ANPT-L 16 species, and the SABS 17 species. The species with the widest distribution were Pseudonototanais sp., Condrochelia dubia, Leptochelia forresti, Synapseudes sp., Haplopolemius propinquus, Alloleptochelia longimana, and Paradoxapseudes bermudeus. In the Veracruz System Reef, the highest abundance was recorded for Condrochelia dubia and Pseudonototanais sp. The highest value of diversity was obtained in the SABS (3.08 bits/ind in the reef Bajo Diez), and the lowest value was found in the PNSAV (0.07 bits/ind in the reef Isla de Enmedio). The highest value of abundance was found in coral rubble and macroalgae. A significant relationship between depth and specific richness was found in the three reef systems. Using cluster analysis, three groups were found in each system, mainly related to the proximity to the coast and to urban areas. This is one of the first studies to show the specific substrate and attributes of three communities of tanaidaceans along the SE–SW coast of the Gulf of Mexico.     

Baronia brevicornis caterpillars build shelters to avoid predation

In at least 18 Lepidoptera families, caterpillars build shelters that mainly serve to regulate microclimate (humidity, temperature) and/or to avoid predation. We aimed to explore the function of the tubular structures built with the leaves of the host plant, Acacia cochliacantha Humboldt and Bonpland ex Willdenow (Fabaceae), by a lepidopteran endemic to Mexico, Baronia brevicornis Salvin. We experimentally evaluated whether tubular structure building behaviour is induced by high temperature or predator odour, and if shelters reduce or enhance predation of B. brevicornis caterpillars. We used Calosoma angulatum as predator. Our analyses showed that caterpillars did not make the tubular structures in response to high temperature. We also found no difference in predators’ visual recognition of sheltered versus unsheltered caterpillars. Caterpillars did not build shelters but they moved more often when exposed to predator odour. Unsheltered caterpillars were more frequently consumed when predators were allowed to interact with sheltered and unsheltered caterpillars. Hence, the tubular structures built by B. brevicornis are most likely a strategy for reducing predation, for example by C. angulatum.     

Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs

Pathogen-mediated changes in host behaviour can result from hosts altering their habitat preferences. Although infection risk with pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians is associated with environments favouring its growth, the relationship with microhabitat use has not been examined. Here, we aim to determine if microhabitats used by frogs during their nocturnal activity predict B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity. Our focal host, Eleutherodactylus coqui, is a habitat generalist that uses multiple habitats from the forest floor to the canopy. We analysed data on B. dendrobatidis occurrence in 157 adults and 122 juveniles at El Yunque National forest in Puerto Rico. We categorized each individual’s nocturnal microhabitat as forest floor, curled palm fronds in the floor, arboreal bromeliads and foliage or tree trunks 50 cm to 2.5 m above ground. We found that frogs on the forest floor had the greatest B. dendrobatidis prevalence (73%), compared with those active in vegetation above ground (55%). Overall, the probability of B. dendrobatidis infection in frogs using microhabitats on the forest floor was twice as great as for those on arboreal substrates. Differences in B. dendrobatidis prevalence and intensity in E. coqui may be explained by specific abiotic conditions of microenvironments (temperature and humidity) affecting both pathogen and host, and by the age-specific ecological requirements of hosts. Adults were found to be most active in microhabitats where individuals had lower infection burdens, suggesting pathogen-modulated habitat choice. This work has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of enzootic diseases and provides data that may inform potential mitigation strategies against a generalist amphibian pathogen.     

界在有无缥缈间——评鲁枢元的《文学的跨界研究》

鲁枢元先生三卷本的《文学的跨界研究》新近出版,这应是他三十年来文学理论研究成果的结晶,其中一个突出的关键词就是"跨学科"。他在"无界"的状态下开始进入文学的跨学科研究,涉足心理学、语言学和生态学,但所有的跨越都围绕着一个中心,那就是对文学的个体心灵与诗意空间的坚守。当他在文学心理学、文学言语学、生态文艺学三块领域都取得显著成果时,他却对"学科"由执着转向反思和质疑,在他看来,学科的跨越起源于原本的"无界"状态,经历学科壁垒森严的阶段,必然还要打破一个个"牢笼",重新回归"无界"的自然状态。     

生态视角下西安城市品牌问题研究

针对生态环境因素在城市品牌建设中所起到的重要作用,西安欲建国际化大都市,实现未来的可持续发展,提高城市在人居、旅游及文化方面的影响力．必须正视现已存在的各类环境污染问题。着力从改善生态环境入手,协调环境与品牌建设之关系,通过规划、项目操作、理念宣传等手段更新原有城市品牌,提升城市环境价值。     

多维视域下的科技价值合理利用

科学技术成果的运用犹如一把＂双刃剑＂,既包含了正面价值又包含着负面价值。针对科学技术的不合理利用导致的环境污染、生态失衡等问题,主要从科技主体即科学家、科技自身蕴含的伦理道德、科技体制内部改革及其终极目标几方面探讨并加以规范。     

吴桥杂技文化生态的保护与产业发展研究

吴桥被誉为杂技之乡,其杂技文化生态发展有着深厚的历史底蕴与丰富内涵。发展杂技文化产业是对吴桥杂技文化生态最好的保护。可以通过创建"吴桥杂技文化生态保护区及将吴桥打造成世界杂技文化名城,发展杂技文化产业,保护杂技文化生态。     

废弃茯苓栽培场土壤生态恢复的人工调节研究

为了探寻茯苓连作障碍的人工调节技术,对废弃茯苓栽培场采用调节土壤pH+增施厩肥+栽培作物的方法来修复土壤生态环境,测定土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量与土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,与空白对照和新场进行比较.结果表明:调节土壤pH+增施厩肥+栽培作物的方法可以大幅提高土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌数量,并超过新场水平;可以提高土壤酶的活性,使脲酶、酸性磷酸酶的活性超过新场,使过氧化氢酶的活性与新场基本持平,脱氢酶的活性比对照提高12.7倍,但仍低于新场18.4%.土壤生态恢复是明显的.     

南海北部浮游植物的时空异质性研究

 为研究南海北部浮游植物时空变化规律及其与海洋环境响应关系,采用1997-2002年开展的“南海专属经济区和大陆架渔业资源及其栖息环境调查”所取得的浮游植物调查数据,利用GIS空间局部插值法构建景观分析模型,对南海北部浮游植物时空异质性进行了分析。结果表明,南海北部海区浮游植物密度变化范围为0.03(4 179×10⁴ 个/m³,总平均为87.2×10⁴ 个/m³,夏冬春秋四季浮游植物平均密度由高至低。南海北部浮游植物总体近海高于远海,且在近海海域呈斑块状分布格局,斑块一般出现在北部湾中北部上升流区、粤东遮浪上升流区、台湾浅滩上升流区和粤西沿岸电白-阳江上升流区等南海北部几个重要上升流区内。浮游植物密度最高值斑块一般随着季风和沿岸流的季节转换而交替向东或向西方向进行有规律的漂移。