The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.     

焦性没食子酸对硫化矿物的抑制性能和作用机理

研究了焦性没食子酸对硫化矿物浮选行为的影响及其作用机理，结果表明焦性没食子酸对方铅矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿具有抑制作用，对毒砂没有抑制作用，通过量子化学计算、亲固能计算以及能带结构分析等方法探讨了焦性没食子酸以硫化物的抑制机理。     

Cardiac protective role of a novel erythrocyte-derived depressing factor on rats and its Ca^2＋ mechanism

The cardiac protective role of a novel erythro-cyte-derived depressing factor (EDDF) on spontaneous hy-pertensive rats (SHR), calcium overload (CaO) rats and Wistar rats and its mechanism was evaluated. Mean artery pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and LVdp/dtmax were measured by physiological recorder. The effect of EDDF on the Ca2+-ATPase activity in myocardial sarcoplasmic reticu-lum (SR) of CaO rats was determined by inorganic phos-phate assay. Calcium transport in myocytes was measured by 45Ca2+ radioactive isotope measurement. The phosphoryla-tion levels of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) in myocardial tissue of SHR and CaO rats were measured by Western blot method. And the ultrastructures of cardiac muscle cells were observed with the transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that EDDF could significantly decrease MAP, HR and LVdp/dtmax in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). It seems that the mechanism might relate with activating the Ca2+-APTase, enhancing the uptake and release of Ca2+ from SR (P < 0.05), decreasing the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 of myocytes (P < 0.01) and lightening the ultrastructural lesion of cardiac muscle cells. In CaO rats, the Ca2+-ATPase activity decreased clearly com-pared to control (64.99 7.16 vs 94.48 7.68 nmol·min-1 ·mg-1 protein, P < 0.01), while EDDF (100 mg/mL) could significantly increase the activity (87.93 ?9.54 vs 64.99 ?7.16, P < 0.05, n = 7). Both uptake and release rate of Ca2+ (祄ol 45Ca2+/g protein/min) from myocardial SR of CaO rats re-markably decreased compared to control (32.40 ?2.70 and 15.46 ?1.49 vs 61.09 ?10.89 and 25.47 ?4.29, P < 0.05); EDDF (100 mg/mL) could significantly stimulate their activi-ties (50.48 6.76 and 21.76 2.75 vs 32.40 2.70 and 15.46 1.49, P < 0.05). EDDF could evidently down-regulate the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in myocardial tissue from SHR and CaO rats (P < 0.01), lighten the ultrastructural lesion of cardiac muscle cells of SHR as well. It is concluded that EDDF seems to play protective roles on both structure and function of heart, which closely related with amelioration of Ca2+ transport and inhibition of Ca2+-MAP kinase pathway.     

粗糙表面铁磁性棒材微裂纹检测与信号处理技术研究

为了克服微裂纹检测信号的重复性不能满足准确标定裂纹尺寸要求的缺陷,将测量所得微裂纹信号峰值视为带有噪声的连续峰值信号的采样值,利用小波变换在信号滤波上的优势对微裂纹峰值信号进行滤波后处理,由此确定被测裂纹的标准尺寸及其置信区间,从而使铁磁材料微裂纹检测技术从光洁表面向粗糙表面迈进了一步。     

词是易安人道韫——论明清鼎革之际江南才媛徐灿

江南才媛徐灿,以目睹社会现实的板荡与人生经历的坎凛为触发点,呕血泣吟,将国破家亡的感慨与起伏不平的遭际写入词中,直面描写所发生的历史悲剧,真实抒写个人在明清鼎革之际沧桑巨变中的内心矛盾与双重情感,并以博通古今的学识与真知灼见的才情将这种“缘事而发”的情感表达得淋漓尽致。其词悲情痛悼,立意深邃高远,风格沉郁清雅,突破女性闺阁生活的纤细感受,彰显出景情理兼备且活化历史经典而磅礴八极的表达。     

Protective role of a novel human erythrocyte-derived depressing factor on blood vessels in rats

The protective role of a human erythrocyte-derived depressing factor (EDDF) on blood vessels was evaluated. The experiments were carried out on 25male Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks, which were divided into control (n = 8), calcium overload (n = 8) and NG-L-nitro-arginine hypertensive model groups (L-NNA,n = 9), respectively. The isolated vascular ring perfusion assay, two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (TPM) and transmitted electron microscope were used to examine the effect of EDDF on vascular function and ultrastructure. Results showed that the contractile response of calcium overload rats and L-NNA rats to phenylephrine (PE) was significantly enhanced compared with that of the control (P < 0.05), and EDDF (10-3 g @mL-1) remarkably decreased the vascular contractile response of control's and calcium overload rats (P < 0.05),while EDDF had no effect on that of L-NNA rats. EDDF also alleviated the ultrastructural lesion of aorta VSMC in calcium overload rats by easing the abnormal in the nucleus, mitochondrion and other organell. It is concluded that EDDF could efficiently protect blood vessels against injury by influencing Ca2+ transport and ameliorating the lesion of VSMC, and further supported the hypothesis that the NO-cGMP pathway might contribute to the vasodilation and partially antihypertensive mechanism of EDDF.``     

Cardiac protective role of a novel erythrocyte-derived depressing factor on rats and its Ca~(2+) mechanism

Erythrocyte-derived depressing factor (EDDF) has been extracted from human erythrocytes by our lab for the first time. Our previous research has shown that EDDF is different from those known blood pressure modulators in the body. It may be a new endogenous player. The physiological functions, toxicity, physical and biological properties, existence and tissue distribution as well as biochemical structure have been well studied in our lab[1—4]. Our previous findings indicated that EDDF p…     

石灰抑制黄铁矿的活化机理研究

ＸＰＳ和Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，高石灰用量条件下，由于强碱和氧化作用，黄铁矿表面生成Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３，ＣａＳＯ４和Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２亲水性膜，黄铁矿被抑制．浮选实验表明，草酸、硫酸、磷酸等药剂能活化石灰抑制黄铁矿的浮选，ＸＰＳ表面分析、电化学测试和溶液化学计算表明，这些活化剂能降低溶液ｐＮ值，且能与黄铁矿表面Ｃａ２＋，Ｆｅ２＋，Ｆｅ３＋形成络合物或难溶盐从黄铁矿表面脱附进入溶液，暴露出新鲜表面；同时，活化剂存在时，黄铁矿表面难以氧化，使高石灰抑制黄铁矿得以活化。     

Action mechanisms of a new erythrocyte-derived depressing factor

To investigate the action mechanisms of a new erythrocyte-derived depressing factor (EDDF), the focus is placed on the effect of EDDF on both cytosolic and nuclear free calcium (Ca²⁺) transportation in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), as well as the apoptosis and cell cycle of VSMC of rats. EDDF has been extracted from human erythrocytes. The changes of Ca²⁺ levels in cytoplasm ([Ca²⁺]_i) and nucleus ([Ca²⁺]_n) have been observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope together with fluo-3/AM as a calcium indicator. Flow cytometric technique was used to study the effect of EDDF on cell cycle and apoptosis of VSMC. [Ca²⁺], and [Ca²⁺]_n were significantly decreased through several different pathways: ( i ) it reduced the Ca²⁺ influx by blocking L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDC) and R-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (R-VDC); (ii) it inhibited the Ca²⁺ release from inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP₃) sensitive calcium store; and (iii) activated Ca²⁺-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and promoted the transportation of Ca²⁺ from cytoplasm to SR. However, EDDF seemed to have little inhibitory effect on the Ca²⁺ release from ryonodine sensitive calcium pool. It was also found that EDDF (10⁻⁴ g/mL) significantly decreased the proportion of S phase of human umbilical vein (HUV) and inhibited the proliferation of VSMC induced by angiotensin II (Angll, 10⁻⁵ mol/L). The apopotosis did not occur when VSMC was cultured under normal condition. While VSMC apoptosis was induced by Angll (10⁻⁵ mol/L) and EDDF (10⁻⁴ g/mL) seemed to have little effect on it. The inhibitory effect of EDDF on the elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i and [Ca²⁺]_n of VSMC might play an essential role in its action mechanisms and the ways it affects the Ca²⁺ handling of VSMC demonstrate that EDDF was different from other endogenous blood pressure regulators and some known antihypertensive drugs. EDDF could inhibit the proliferation of VSMC, which indicated that it might be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of hypertension and arteriosclerosis.     

一株产表面活性剂的菌株的筛选及现场试验研究

从胜利油田油水样中分离到一株高温条件下能够利用烃类产生表面活性剂的菌株A2,经鉴定属于Petrobacter.该菌株对两种原油的降解、降黏和降凝结果表明:对孤岛油的降解率较高,为39.81%,对甘17油的降解率达22.60%;对孤岛油的降黏率可达37.95%,对甘17油的降黏率为25.00%;A2可将孤岛油和甘17油的凝固点降低2.5℃.通过菌株作用岩石表面,表明该菌株对玻璃试片作用后其接触角降低最为明显,高达72%,接近于对照菌样的5倍;石英和灰岩的接触角也分别降低了68%和24%.表明A2具有一定的改变岩石表面性质的能力.增油效果评价实验结果表明:A2菌在中一驱Ng3油藏条件下,微生物驱提高采收率9.3%.现场实施后取得了降水增油效果,试验区含水下降2.1%,累积增油0.36×104t,提高采收率0.21%.