磺化MCM-41介孔固体酸的合成、表征及其催化乙酰丙酸乙酯化性能

以硅酸乙酯为硅源、十六烷基溴化铵为模板剂,室温常压下便捷地合成了MCM-41介孔分子筛,进而以硫酸为磺化剂,不同水热条件下制得系列磺化介孔固体酸MCM-41-SO3H.利用TG、XRD、FT-IR、TEM-EDX等手段对所得材料进行了表征.采用碱滴定法测定其酸密度,并且以乙酰丙酸乙酯化反应为探针反应,评价其催化性能.结果表明,尽管水热磺化处理在一定程度上降低了MCM-41的介孔规整性,所制备的MCM-41-SO3H介孔固体酸仍较好地保持了MCM-41的介孔结构;水热时间和温度影响其酸密度,进而影响催化活性,其中磺化温度180℃、磺化时间21h制得的催化剂活性最高,乙酰丙酸转化率达到74.4%,并显示出较好的循环稳定性能.     

China’s bioenergy industry development roadmap

Positive development of renewable energy, saving and substitution of fossil energy, promotion of the energy structure adjustment are the inevitable strategy choices of China＇ s sustainable development. This paper discussed the China＇ s bioenergy resources status, development targets and technology development roadmaps. China has 136. 140 million hm^2 of marginal land, which distribute mainly in western and northern regions. There are 1 billion t of crop residues and forestry waste annually, and 300 million t can be used to produce different kinds of bioenergies. And organic waste and manure can generate 50 billion m3 of biogas. The discussed development target indicated that it can construct a biomass oilfield with the capacity of 100 million t/year and reduce 200 million t of CO2 emission by 2020. The bioenergy technology development roadmap indicated that the bioethanol mainly uses non grain starch and hemicellulose products as raw materials in the near-term （2006 -2010）. The biodiesel technology will focus on the advanced production technology, FT diesel, liquefaction of biomass and raw material production technology.     

The impacts of biofuels on food security and supply in China

Biofuels are the current promising alternative to fossil fuels. However, the fluctuating food prices caused by oil price led to critics to biofuels. The paper surveyed biofuels production and grain production and consumption demand, and come to the conclusion that there was a little impact of corn ethanol on international food price, and there was no impact on China＇ s food prices. China has launched non-food biofuels development strategy to use marginal lands for growing hard crops, such as sweet sorghum, tuber crops, and switchgrass etc. to produce biofuels without any impact on food security in the future.     

美国纤维素乙醇燃料发展战略分析

本文分析了美国发展纤维素乙醇的相关政策、规划与行动,解析了美国政府推进先进生物燃料的研发布局,为我国制定发展纤维素乙醇及其他新能源的战略提供参考。     

大肠杆菌丁醇生产菌的构建及检测

用合成生物学和代谢工程技术,筛选并克隆丁醇合成途径中酶活性较高的atoB,hbd,crt,ter,adhE2等5个关键酶基因,先通过重组PCR构建pUC18-ato B-hbd-crt-ter质粒,再将串联基因atoB-hbd-crt-ter和基因adhE2克隆至质粒pET-21b中,构建含丁醇合成途径的表达载体p ET-21b-ato B-hbd-crt-ter-adh E2,将其转入大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中制备工程菌株.对样品进行IPTG诱导表达检测与色谱分析的结果表明,已合成出关键酶蛋白并产生一定量的丁醇.