B2O3\|Na2O\|V2O5玻璃紫外吸收截止波长和密度关系的研究

以硼酸、无水碳酸钠和五氧化二钒为原料,通过熔融-石墨模成形法制备(70-x)B₂O₃-30Na₂O-xV₂O₅三元硼酸盐玻璃,其中x=1 ％~10 %(摩尔分数)。经过研磨和抛光制成尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×2 mm的玻璃样品。采用阿基米德原理法测定样品的密度,采用紫外/可见分光光度计测定样品的吸收光谱。结果表明,玻璃的密度d与玻璃紫外吸收截止波长λ呈线性关系。当截止吸收波长小于或等于390 nm时,二者符合方程λ=2222.0d-4794.8;当截止吸收波长大于390 nm时,二者符合方程λ=1100.5d-2181.9。     

超声波法提取黄蜀葵花中天然防晒剂的研究

采用超声萃取法从黄蜀葵花中提取天然植物防晒剂,探讨了不同萃取时间、乙醇浓度、料液比、超声温度以及萃取次数对萃取液吸光度的影响。结果表明:以60%的乙醇水溶液为萃取剂,料液比1∶50(g/mL),在50℃超声萃取20min,萃取一次即可得到较满意的结果。以此条件萃取制得的防晒剂粗产品提取率高达36.2%,在250~400nm区间的紫外吸收光谱有两个吸收带,比吸收系数E11c%m(λmax)分别为1.0×102(259nm)和73(370nm)。超声萃取与溶剂冷浸和索氏提取相比,操作方便,提取时间短,但效率最高。     

纳米硒-蔗糖溶胶的抗氧化作用

以蔗糖作为表面修饰剂制备纳米硒(NanoSe0)溶胶,获得含有NanoSe0微粒的4种均匀溶胶.利用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定了NanoSe0-蔗糖溶胶对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用.用抗氧化能力指数(ORAC)法测定了其抗氧化能力.结果显示各NanoSe0-蔗糖溶胶体系具有清除超氧阴离子的作用和抗氧化能力,实验进一步表明,随着NanoSe0浓度的增大,清除超氧阴离子和抗氧化能力增强,但是增加蔗糖的浓度对NanoSe0-蔗糖溶胶的抗氧化能力没有明显的影响.     

正交试验法优化金莲花黄色素的提取工艺

为了探索金莲花黄色素的提取条件,以金莲花干花瓣为实验材料,无水乙醇为提取剂.选择液固比、温度和提取时间等因素进行单因素试验,在此基础上,进行了三因素三水平正交试验.试验结果表明,当液固比为50：1（mL/g）,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为60min时,金莲花黄色素提取率达10.9％.     

中药白芍水萃取液的吸收光谱研究

从实验和理论上研究了中药白芍水萃取液在紫外光激励下的吸收光谱及其特性。研究结果表明,白芍水萃取液在275 nm处有一个明显的特征吸收峰。分析了其产生的机理,发现其最大吸光度与白芍水萃取液的体积分数之间存在良好的线性关系,为检测白芍有效成分含量提供了一种有效的方法。     

pH值对聚苯胺的结构和导电性能的影响

基于酸浓度对苯胺聚合具有较大的影响,采用化学氧化法,在不同pH值条件下制备了聚苯胺,利用FT-IR、UV-Vis、XRD对产物的光学吸收、凝聚态结构进行研究,并测定了样品的电导率.结果表明,当pH≥3时有偶氮链生成,并随pH值增大偶氮链增多;苯胺聚合生成具有良好结晶性的低聚物,且随pH值增大,低聚物的电导率急剧降低.当pH≤3时苯胺主要以首-尾连接方式聚合;随着pH值由2减小到0时,所获得的聚苯胺的紫外吸收光谱发生显著红移,其凝聚态结构由一种结构向另一种结构转化;只有当pH≤1时才能合成电导率较高的聚苯胺;当pH值由4减小到0时,聚苯胺的电导率增加了9个数量级.     

光导池吸光度表达式的推导与计算

在窄矩形横截面入射光束被平凸透镜会聚后，其入射光线全部沿直线型光导池的子午面反射行进的情况下，推导出光导池吸光度表达式．按此式用计算机进行数值计算并作图，发现吸光度Ａ与待测样品浓度和光导池的长度均成很理想的线性关系．     

Biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in soil extracts and leachates from a temperate forest stand and its relationship to ultraviolet absorbance

The amount and biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in forest floors can contribute to carbon sequestration in soils and the release of CO 2-C from soil to the atmosphere.There is only limited knowledge about the biodegradation of DOC in soil extracts and leachates due to the limitations inherent in degradation experiments.Differences in the biodegradation of DOC were studied in forest soil extracts using cold and hot water and 4 mmol/L CaCl 2 solution and in soil leachates sampled under different conditions over a wide range of DOC concentrations.From these results,we developed a simple and rapid method for determining the biodegradable organic C in forest floors.The hot water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts after CH 3 Cl fumigation contained higher concentrations of biodegradable organic C than the cold water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts before fumigation,with rapid DOC degradation occurring 24-48 h after incubation with an inoculum,followed by slow DOC degradation till 120-168 h into the incubation.During a 7-d incubation with an inoculum,the variation in DOC degradation in the different soil extracts was consistent with the change in special UV absorbance at 254 nm.Relatively higher levels of biodegradable organic C were detected in soil leachates from the forest canopy than in forest gaps between April and October 2008 (P <0.05).Relatively lower concentrations of DOC and biodegradable organic C were observed in soil leachates from N-fertilized plots during the growing season compared with the control,with the exception of the plot treated with KNO 3 at a rate of 45 kg N ha 1 a 1.Around 77.4% to 96.3% of the variability in the biodegradable organic C concentrations in the forest floors could be accounted for by the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance at 254 nm.Compared with the conventional inoculum incubation method,the method of analyzing UV absorbance at 254 nm is less time consuming and requires a much smaller sample volume.The results suggest that the regression models obtained using the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance can provide a rapid,simple and reliable method for determining the biodegradable organic C content,especially in field studies involving relatively large numbers of samples.     

DSA催化电极降解对硝基苯酚的研究

对硝基苯酚是一种芳香族的急性剧毒有机污染物,不仅危害大而且来源广泛,众多行业产生的污水中都包含对硝基苯酚。为了找到一种适合的DSA阳极来高效率地降解对硝基苯酚,对四种不同材料的阳极电极（钌铱钛（Ti/TiO2-IrO2-RuO2）、钌铱钛锡（Ti/TiO2-IrO2-RuO2-SnO2）、铱钽钛（Ti/TiO2-Ta2O5-IrO2）和铱钽钛锡（Ti/TiO2-Ta2O5-IrO2-SnO2））分别降解对硝基苯酚模拟废水的产物进行了研究,通过紫外分光光度法测定不同时间段的降解产物在最大吸收波长处的吸光度,比较四种阳极电极对对硝基苯酚模拟废水降解效果的优劣,结果显示涂层含有铱钌钛元素的电极对对硝基苯酚的降解效果最佳。由此讨论电极涂层材料在降解过程中所起的作用,提出电极的降解机理。     

Effect of bromization on the propertises of a series of substituted 1,8,15,22—tetra（2,4—ditertbutylphenoxy） phthalocyanines

A series of 1,8,15,22-tetra(2,4-ditertbutylphen-oxy) phthalocyanines [α-（oAr）4PcM,M1=(H)2,M2=Pd,M3=Cu,M4=Zn,M5=Pb] were synthesized in this study.Each compound was bromized in two kinds of solvent.One is the solvent mixture of 1,1,2-trichloroethane and water,the other is 1,1,2-trichloroethane alone.The effects of solvent,bromine excess added and reaction duration on the bromization reaction were studied.The shift of maximum absorbance wave-length both is solution and in solid thin film was investigated comparatively,discovering that both were bathochromism but the former was more.TG data showed that the temperature of thermal decomposition decreased continuously with the increase of numbers of bromine.Finally,the fragments produced during the bromization of (OAr)4PcPb in 1,1,2-trichloroethane were characterized by GC/MS.Based on the electronic structure,the possible mechanism of decomposition of these compounds was presented and discussed.