基于Sinc插值与相关谱的纵横波速度比扫描方法

在多分量地震技术中，准确地求取出纵、横波速比（γ）是多分量资料处理、反演、解释各环节中的一个重要步骤。由于地下同一层位具有相同的波阻抗比，因此该层位的反射纵波和反射转换波相互关联，纵横波速比与时间比存在相互转化关系。基于Sinc插值算法与相关系数谱分析的纵横波速比扫描方法是通过设置一系列γ，利用Sinc插值算法将纵波拉伸后与转换波进行互相关，当互相关系数达到最大时即可求出相应的γ。理论数据和实际资料的测试，验证了该方法的有效性、准确性和实用性。     

Fine three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the capital region and deep environment for the nucleation of strong earthquakes

A detailed 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle under the capitol region is determined with a spatial resolution of 25 km in the horizontal direction and 4-17 km in depth. We used 48750 precise P-wave arrival time data from 2973 events of local crustal earthquakes, controlled seismic explosions and quarry blasts. These events were recorded by 123 seismic stations. The data are analyzed by using a 3-D seismic tomography method. Our tomographic model provides new information on the geological structure and complex seismotectonics of this region. Different patterns of velocity structures show up in the North China Basin, the Taihangshan and the Yanshan Mountainous areas. The velocity images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological, topographic and lithological features. In the North China Basin, the depression and uplift areas are imaged as slow and fast velocity belts, respectively, which are oriented in NE-SW direction. The trend of velocity anomalies is the same as that of major structure and tectonics. Paleozoic strata and Pre-Cambrian basement rocks outcrop widely in the Taihangshan and Yanshan uplift areas, which exhibit strong and broad high-velocity anomalies in our tomographic images, while the Quaternary intermountain basins show up as small low-velocity anomalies. Most of large earthquakes, such as the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M 7.8) and the 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0), generally occurred in high-velocity areas in the upper to middle crust. However, in the lower crust to the uppermost mantle under the source zones of the large earthquakes, low-velocity and high-conductivity anomalies exist, which are considered to be associated with fluids, just like the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M 7.2) and the 2001 Indian Bhuj earthquake (M 7.8). The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the large crustal earthquakes.     

弹性纵波在不同非线性法向变形行为节理处的传播

对正向入射弹性纵波穿越具有不同非线性法向变形本构关系的单一岩石干性节理的特性进行理论研究.在没有剪切波的条件下,探讨了BB双曲线模型和经典指数模型两种不同的节理非线性法向变形行为对弹性纵波传播的影响.依据这两类节理本构关系,建立了不同的非线性位移不连续模式,分别获得了弹性纵波穿越单一节理时的反射、透射系数的解析解及数值差分解.针对节理初始法向刚度(kni)、节理闭合量(dn)与最大允许闭合量(dma)比值(γ)以及入射波频率(f)等参数进行研究,同时将2种模型的计算结果进行比较,得到的结论具有一定理论意义.     

叠前纵横波联合反演技术在薄砂岩储层预测中的应用--以X油田L4油藏为例

X油田目前已进入开发中后期,薄油层的开发动用成为其保持稳产的重要措施之一。为提高挖潜措施的有效性,需对油藏特征进行精细描述,尤其是储层展布的刻画。由于储层薄、埋藏深、物性横向变化快,常规的地震属性分析及叠后波阻抗反演技术均无法对其进行有效识别和预测。该文以L4油藏为例,采用叠前纵横波联合反演技术对储层展布进行了预测,钻后砂体展布与钻前预测相吻合,使得依据本文研究成果所设计的调整井达到了预期效果,说明叠前纵横波联合反演技术在本地区具有较好的应用价值。     

应用P波AVO技术预测煤层气储层裂隙

利用晋城无烟煤集团某矿的三维地震资料对纵波叠前AVO和方位AVO反演方法进行了应用研究,讨论了保持振幅处理的几项关键技术,并对基于煤层气储层地震勘探的野外采集方法提出了建议。     

碳酸盐岩纵波速度响应特征试验研究

碳酸盐岩地层压力预测是国内外研究难点,主要原因是纵波速度响应特征不明确,传统的地层压力预测模型不能用。为了解决这个技术难题,通过设计室内试验对碳酸盐岩纵波速度响应特征进行了研究,分析得到了影响纵波速度变化的主要因素,即碳酸盐岩骨架速度取决于岩石骨架特征,决定了纵波速度的变化趋势;纵波速度的小幅变化是由孔隙压力引起的。验证了碳酸盐岩地层异常高压的地球物理和孔隙弹性响应特征理论,从室内试验角度对基于孔隙弹性力学理论建立的波速方程的准确性进行了验证,并为建立碳酸盐岩地层孔隙压力预测模型提供了理论依据。     

P波离散度对阵发性心房颤动的预测价值研究

目的：探讨P波离散度（Pd）对阵发性心房颤动（PAF）的预测价值。方法：将79例PAF患者和85例健康体检者分为A、B两组进行比较,分别采用体表心电图和超声心动图测量两组最大P波时限（Pmax）、Pd、左房内径（LAD）,左室射血分数。结果：A组Pmax、pd,LAD显著高于B组（P〈0.01）,单因素回归分析Pmax、Pd、LAD均是PAF的预测因子,多因素回归分析仅pd是PAF的独立预测因子。结论：pd对PAF有重要预测价值,是PAF的一个无创较特异的独立的预测指标。     

隧道在纵向地震作用下的动力响应分析

为了探讨盾构隧道结构在纵向地震动力作用下盾构管片的振动特性。通过将土-结构相互作用简化为等效刚度弹簧建立了模型,并推导了结构在地震作用下的运动方程。然后利用中心差分法求解所得到的运动方程,求得每段管片在不同时刻的位移。进一步研究了土-结构剪切系数、地震纵波速度和结构连接刚度3个因素对隧道盾构管片位移的影响。计算结果表明,随着土-结构之间剪切系数增大,管片最大位移随之增加,结构之间的相对位移减小。而降低结构之间的连接刚度后,土-结构之间的相对位移减小。波的传播速度越小,结构与地层之间相对位移越大,易导致滑移现象出现。因此,选取具有较快波速的坚硬地层、提高土与结构之间的剪切力以及设置合理的抗震缝距离将有助于增加结构的抗震性能。     

Frequency-domain Analysis of ECG Signal

A new simple approach to effectively detect QRS-T complexes in ECG curve is described,so as to easily get the P-wave（when AF does not happen）or the f-wave（when AF happens）．By means of signal processing techniques such as the power spectrum function,the auto-correlation function and cross-correlation function,two kinds of ECG signal when AF does or does not happen were suc cessively analyzed,showing the evident differences between them．