Microbes,mathematics, and models

Microbial model systems have a long history of fruitful use in fields that include evolution and ecology. In order to develop further insight into modelling practice, we examine how the competitive exclusion and coexistence of competing species have been modelled mathematically and materially over the course of a long research history. In particular, we investigate how microbial models of these dynamics interact with mathematical or computational models of the same phenomena. Our cases illuminate the ways in which microbial systems and equations work as models, and what happens when they generate inconsistent findings about shared targets. We reveal an iterative strategy of comparative modelling in different media, and suggest reasons why microbial models have a special degree of epistemic tractability in multimodel inquiry.     

Experimental economics' inconsistent ban on deception

According to what I call the ‘argument from public bads’, if a researcher deceived subjects in the past, there is a chance that subjects will discount the information that a subsequent researcher provides, thus compromising the validity of the subsequent researcher's experiment. While this argument is taken to justify an existing informal ban on explicit deception in experimental economics, it can also apply to implicit deception, yet implicit deception is not banned and is sometimes used in experimental economics. Thus, experimental economists are being inconsistent when they appeal to the argument from public bads to justify banning explicit deception but not implicit deception.     

土壤肥料学实验课程的教学改革与实践

为全面培育卓越农林人才，提高教学培养质量，本研究结合土壤肥料学的课程内容、教学特点及实验方法，对存在的问题进行了剖析，并结合实际针对存在问题做出了相应改革，适时调整《土壤肥料学》实验课程内容和形式。通过删减验证性实验内容，增设综合性实验，传统部分教学内容实现网络化等三方面对该课程的实验课部分进行了改革与实践，以期提高学生综合运用所学《土壤肥料学》的相关知识来解决生产实际问题的能力。     

谈体验式学习理论及其在社区教育中的应用

在信息化的终身学习时代,多样化的学习资源、学习途径和教学方式,为参与社区教育的学习者提供了宽广的知识视野,激发了他们的学习兴趣。随着学习者学习自主性的不断增强,社区教育的教学模式从以往的以教师为中心的单向输入式教学逐渐向以学习者为中心的体验式学习转变。了解和熟悉体验式学习的理论,以及该理论在社区教育实践中的应用,不仅有利于促进学习者通过体验式学习进一步获得自我认知、自我决定的能力,使自我效能感得以提升,也有利于探讨该理论对教育实践产生的影响。     

省级实验示范中心在高校人才培养中的作用

对高校而言,实验教学是理论教学以及科研的基石,是深化理论知识,将间接经验与直接经验相结合的桥梁。论文结合安徽医科大学基础医学院病原与免疫学实验室的成长历程,阐述了省级实验示范中心在高校人才培养中的积极作用,体现在省级实验示范中心建设的引领下,实验中心本着提高实验教学水平和人才培养质量为目标,逐步实现提高实验室建设和管理水平,充分发挥实验示范中心的示范引领作用,以期全面提高高校的实验教学水平,并为高校进一步的实验教学改革创造条件。     

计算机组成原理实验教学改革探讨

本文首先分析了当前计算机组成原理实验教学现状及存在的问题,实验教学在计算机组成原理教学环节的重要作用,然后提出了计算机组成原理实验教学的改革思路,最后进行了总结。     

Making the abstract concrete: The role of norms and values in experimental modeling

Experimental modeling is the construction of theoretical models hand in hand with experimental activity. As explained in Section 1, experimental modeling starts with claims about phenomena that use abstract concepts, concepts whose conditions of realization are not yet specified; and it ends with a concrete model of the phenomenon, a model that can be tested against data. This paper argues that this process from abstract concepts to concrete models involves judgments of relevance, which are irreducibly normative. In Section 2, we show, on the basis of several case studies, how these judgments contribute to the determination of the conditions of realization of the abstract concepts and, at the same time, of the quantities that characterize the phenomenon under study. Then, in Section 3, we compare this view on modeling with other approaches that also have acknowledged the role of relevance judgments in science. To conclude, in Section 4, we discuss the possibility of a plurality of relevance judgments and introduce a distinction between locally and generally relevant factors.     

混凝土自收缩的测定及若干因素对自收缩影响规律的研究

采用非接触式电涡流位移传感器设计了自密实混凝土自收缩试验方法,进行自密实混凝土自收缩试验,考察粉煤灰单掺、粉煤灰与矿渣复掺、胶结料用量、水胶比对自密实混凝土自收缩的影响规律,并在试验的基础上提出自密实混凝土的自收缩计算模型.研究表明,该模型能够准确地对自密实混凝土的自收缩进行有效预测,可供相关研究人员进行参考.     

What’s so special about model organisms?

This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target. We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that it must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. In addition, we argue that model organisms are the key components of a unique and distinctively biological way of doing research using models.     

一种适合复杂能源系统的半物理模拟研究方法

提出一种适用于复杂能源系统研究的半物理模拟方法,分析了单纯实验和单纯模拟研究的不足,而利用半物理模拟研究方法则更快捷,结果更为准确,预测的范围更为宽广。