江西会昌盆地埃达克质粗面岩年代学、地球化学与成因研究

江西是华南白垩纪红色碎屑沉积岩系最发育的地区之一,且常夹有火山岩层。会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩具有较高Si O2和Al2O3,较低的Mg O,Si O2=59.0%~64.6%(平均61.9%),Al2O3=15.5%~18.9(平均17.7%),Mg O=0.28%~0.92%(平均0.55%);富碱和钠,(Na2O+K2O)=7.19%~10.1%(平均9.70%),Na2O=6.50%~7.70%(平均7.03%),在Si O2-(Na2O+K2O)图解上落入碱性系列粗面岩或粗面英安岩范围;CIPW计算结果显示,标准矿物Ab=57.2%~65.7(平均60.5%),Q=6.07%~14.7%(平均9.95%),小于20%,属粗面岩。稀土总量较低,轻稀土明显富集,重稀土强烈亏损,Eu负异常不明显,∑REE=114×10-6~168×10-6,∑LREE=101×10-6~148×10-6,∑HREE=14.9×10-6~19.6×10-6,∑LREE/∑HREE=6.54~7.52,(La/Yb)N=24.9~34.2(平均27.4),δEu=0.81~1.10(平均0.98%),在稀土曲线图上呈明显的右倾,具高压型粗面岩的特征。较低的Y和Yb含量,较高的Sr含量和Sr/Y比值,Y=8.99×10-6~11.7×10-6(平均10.8×10-6),Yb=0.55×10-6~0.82×10-6(平均0.7×10-6),Sr=329×10-6~836×10-6(平均498×10-6),Sr/Y=36.5~71.8(平均48.2),具有埃达克岩的特征;在不相容元素蛛网图上显示富集大离子亲石元素(Cs,Rb,Ba,K等元素),强烈亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nd),具壳源的特征。较低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值、较高的εNd(t)和较小的TDM2值,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7074~0.7082(平均0.7077),εNd(t)=-1.99~-2.60(平均-2.29),TDM2=1 071 Ma~1 120 Ma(平均1094 Ma),具年轻下地壳部分熔融产物的特征。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,14个分析点的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为(114~108)Ma,加权平均年龄为(110.7±1.0)Ma,MSWD=0.47,指示地质时代属早白垩世晚期。上述特征显示,会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩为早白垩世晚期加厚地壳背景下年轻下地壳部分熔融形成的埃达克质粗面岩。     

西藏堆龙德庆县马乡不整合地层的主要特征及其地质意义

地层不整合是研究地质发展历史及鉴定地壳特征和运动时期的重要依据。文章通过西藏拉萨市堆龙德庆县马乡不整合地层的调查,发现在堆龙德庆县马乡青藏公路两侧有一套白垩纪地层和晚白垩世早第三纪中酸性陆相火山岩系,该岩系记录了印度洋板块与欧亚板块碰撞的重要构造运动,对青藏高原的构造演化研究提供了更为详细的演化信息。     

北非NK地区上白垩统灰岩裂缝油藏成藏因素

北非Pelagian盆地是一个重要的含油气盆地,在North Kairouan地区已经取得了一些积极的勘探成果,但仍存在油藏成藏条件复杂,主控因素不清、勘探难度大、勘探成效低等问题。以地震、钻井及分析化验资料为基础,对研究区上白垩统灰岩裂缝储层成藏条件进行了综合分析,认为该区油气成藏主要受裂缝的走向及发育程度、有效输导层以及盖层的分布共同控制,北西向断层及裂缝发育、具备复式输导层和厚层盖层的构造发育区为有利油气聚集区,指出NK地区中部复杂背斜带和东部鼻状隆起带为两个有利油气勘探带,对该区碳酸盐岩油藏勘探具有指导意义。     

银额盆地哈日凹陷安山岩储层综合识别

为明确哈日凹陷下白垩统火山岩的分布规律、储层特征及勘探潜力，通过岩心、测井及地震储层综合预测方法研究了安山岩的地质地球物理特征和有效储层的分布。结果表明：安山岩具气孔和溶蚀孔隙，显微镜下见交织结构及杏仁构造，测井地层对比图上呈厚层块状和箱型自然伽马曲线形态，自然伽马值介于70～80 API。地震剖面上安山岩层具有顶底界面强振幅内部弱振幅特征。火山口及安山岩加厚带主要沿缓坡带轴向断裂呈串珠状分布，火山口地震剖面上呈低丘状或透镜状。孔隙度反演、裂缝识别和含油气性检测等手段综合预测的安山岩有利含油气区相互吻合。可见该研究成果对该区及具有类似地质背景的火山岩油气勘探提供了一定的思路和方法，具有重要的借鉴意义。     

The Jurassic-Cretaceous transition of Southern Sweden—palynological and sedimentological interpretation

Palynological studies on the Vitab?ck Clay help resolve the position of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in southern Sweden. Well-preserved assemblages of terrestrial pollen and spores, together with abundant algae (Botryococcus), and for the first time, dinoflagellates have been identified in the Vitab?ck Clay. A Berriasian age is corroborated for the Vitab?ck Clay based on the palynological data; the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary being placed around the contact of this unit with the underlying “Nytorp Sand”. The terrestrial vegetation was dominated by coniferous forest with an understorey of ferns in a warm, temperate climate. The palynoflora shows compositional similarities to the Northern Chinese Floral Province and especially the Jehol Group. The majority of the Vitab?ck Clay represents a moderate-to low-energy paralic succession. However, the basal part of the unit incorporates anomalously coarse material of mixed terrestrial and marine origin. This sedimentary package is herein interpreted to represent tsunami deposits and is similar to coeval tsunami-related deposits in France.     

西藏定日贡扎上白垩统的年代地层划分及评述

分别采用不同的地层学方法对西藏贡扎地区的两条相邻上白垩统剖面进行了年代地层划分.根据将建立在贡扎Ⅰ上白垩统剖面上的锶同位素演化曲线与W. H .Burke等的同时代锶同位素演化曲线对比,剖面上岗巴村口组顶界年龄值约为81.4 Ma;根据在贡扎Ⅱ剖面上划分出的12个浮游有孔虫化石带确定的岗巴村口组顶界年龄值约为67.0 Ma.作者认为岗巴村口组顶界年龄值存在明显差别是受诸多因素影响,在对地层进行年代地层研究中,要不断提高各种地层学方法的分辨率,并尽可能采用综合的地层学方法.     

New dragonflies （Insecta： Odonata： Gomphaeschnidae） from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia,China

Two fossil dragonflies from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China are described and illustrated. They are assigned to two new genera and species, i.e., Sophoaeschna frigida gen. et sp. nov. and Falsisophoaeschna generalis gen. et sp. nov. within the family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard ＆ Fraser, 1940. This is the first report of Odonata from Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia and the second record of fossil Gomphaeschnidae from China.     

New dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphaeschnidae) from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China

Two fossil dragonflies from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China are described and illustrated. They are assigned to two new genera and species, i.e., Sophoaeschna frigida gen. et sp. nov. and Falsisophoaeschna generalis gen. et sp. nov. within the family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940. This is the first report of Odonata from Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia and the second record of fossil Gomphaeschnidae from China.     

Early diversification of birds: Evidence from a new opposite bird

A new enantiornithine bird Longipteryx chaoyangensis gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Chaoyang, western Liaoning Province. This new bird is distinguishable from other known enantiornithines in having uncinate processes in ribs, elongate jaws, relatively long wings and short hindlimbs, and metatarsal Ⅳ longer than metatarsals Ⅱ and Ⅲ. This new bird had probably possessed (ⅰ) modern bird-like thorax which provides firm attachment for muscles and indicates powerful and active respiratory ability; (ⅱ) powerful flying ability; (ⅲ) special adaptation for feeding on aquatic preys; and (ⅳ) trochleae of metatarsals Ⅰ——IV almost on the same level, an adaptation for perching. The new bird represents a new ecological type different from all known members of Enantiornithes. It shows that enantiornithines had probably originated earlier than the Early Cretaceous, or this group had experienced a rapid radiation right after it first occurred in the early Early Cretaceous.     

内蒙古鄂托克旗查布地区恐爪龙类足迹的发现及其意义

内蒙古查布地区下白垩统中保存大量的兽脚类和蜥脚类恐龙足迹以及鸟类足迹化石,2014年再次对内蒙古鄂托克旗野外地质遗迹博物馆(8A和8B化石点)周边的地层进行系统考察,发现两个恐爪龙类恐龙(Deinonychosauria)的二趾型兽脚类足迹,这在鄂托克地区是首次发现。经对比研究,将其归入奔驰龙足迹属(Dromaeosauripus)。与奔驰龙足迹一起发现的还有其他两种兽脚类足迹(Asianopodus robustus和Grallator),反映了恐爪龙类恐龙的生活习性。此类足迹的发现不仅填补了内蒙驰龙足迹(Dromaeopodidae)的空白,增加了世界二趾型足迹的记录,也为鄂托克地区古生态与地层对比提供了素材。