氧同位素标准样品的研制

使用高纯同位素物质精确配制同位素混合物,作为标准物,确定质谱仪器的系统误差。本工作用天然丰度水定量稀释高浓重氧水,制取从0.1982至96.92原子％~(18)O的氧同位素标准水样,用来校准质谱仪器。 实验采用BrF_5将水样转化成O_2。用质谱峰高法测定(18)~O和(17)~O丰度。比较质谱测定值和计算得到的丰度值C,求出质谱仪固有偏差校正系数K、并得到K与C的线性相关关系。 共得到16个具有准确丰度值的氧同位素标准水样。     

四川盆地长宁示范区地质条件对页岩有机质的影响

以四川盆地长宁示范区志留系龙马溪组泥页岩层段为研究对象,在单井岩心观察、有机地球化学特征、地球物理测井和古生物标志等分析的基础上,根据该地区构造特征和沉积环境演化特征这两个方面,分析长宁示范区地质条件对其页岩段有机质的影响。结果表明:川东南地区虽经多期次构造运动,但总体构造格局未受明显破坏,页岩保存完好,为龙马溪组页岩展布广泛、厚度大、有机质保存提供环境保障。本区龙马溪组富含有机质,泥页岩累积厚度大,有机质类型以I型腐泥型为主,是川东南地区海相地层中的优质烃源岩,研究区的沉积环境和构造地质条件为龙马溪组页岩有机质富集保存提供了有利条件,龙马溪组的浅海陆棚闭塞缺氧的沉积环境和缓慢的沉积速率是其优质烃源岩发育主要影响因素。证明区域地质条件对泥页岩层段有机质含量、类型、成熟度、页岩有效厚度、保存条件具有重要意义。     

有机质谱同位素峰丰度分布的BASIC计算程序

本文报导了一个能在具有64K内存的任何微型计算机上运行并计算任何有机化合物质谱同位素峰丰度分布的计算机程序.程序是用BASIC语言编写的.利用本程序,可将小型计算器上需要花几个小时才能算完的工作在1分钟内给出结果.     

Abundance and ecologic distribution of the shrimp Rimapenaeus constrictus (Crustacea: Penaeidae) on the northern coast of São Paulo State,Brazil

The abundance and ecologic distribution of the shrimp R. constrictus were compared among three different embayments within the northern coast of São Paulo State (23°S, 45°W); i.e. Mar Virado (MV), Ubatuba (UBA) and Ubatumirim (UBM). Key environmental factors were monitored for a better understanding of the distributional patterns of this species, namely temperature, salinity, depth, organic matter content and texture of sediments. In each bay, six transects were delimited, four parallel to the coastline and the other two in areas adjacent to rocky shores. Monthly samples were taken over a 2-year period (1998 and 1999), using a shrimp fishing boat equipped with double-rig nets. Abundance data were treated separately according to environmental characteristics. A total of 4978 specimens was obtained; 921 at MV, 1948 at UBA and 2109 at UBM. The spatial distribution of R. constrictus differed among bays. Higher abundance values were recorded at areas where silt and clay comprised less than 70% of the sediment. A more diversified sediment at UBM and UBA apparently favours the establishment of this species in the region. Its abundance also followed a seasonal trend, higher during spring and summer when intrusions of cold South Atlantic Coastal Waters (SACW) are frequent, promoting the migration of this shrimp to more sheltered areas. These results suggest that sediment type and temperature are the most important variables affecting the spatial and seasonal distribution of this species.     

Micromammalian distribution and abundance in the Western Cape Province,South Africa,as evidenced by Barn owls Tyto alba (Scopoli)

The history of Western Cape mammalogy began almost 200 years ago with Thunberg () and has been augmented periodically ever since. The present paper follows Vernon () and Grindley et al. () in eliciting information from material in Barn owl Tyto alba (Scopoli) pellets. Analyses are based on identified and counted mandibles and maxillae. The Laminate vlei rat, Otomys laminatus Thomas and Schwann, and Krebs's fat mouse, Steatomys krebsii Peters, are shown to have wider distributions than were previously recorded. The Southern multimammate mouse, Mastomys coucha (A. Smith), is apparently expanding its range westwards, a move probably enabled by changes in vegetation due to farming practices. There appears to be some correspondence between proportional representation of some species and rainfall, either its amount per annum or its seasonality. Variation in alveolar length in Cape gerbils, Tatera afra (Gray), taken as a proxy for mean individual mass, suggests that mean size in this species may be influenced by rainfall seasonality. Although the Vlei rat, Otomys irroratus (Brants), is known to breed throughout the year, the present evidence indicates that in the West Coast National Park births peak in late spring and early summer, some two months after maximum rainfall. The Western Cape data support the concept that T. alba is a selective opportunist. Sample structure and co‐occurrence of species in individual pellets both show that in some cases the owls are more nearly opportunistic while in others they appear to be considerably more selective.     

叶权《贤博编》的史料价值

明人叶权的笔记作品《贤博编》是作者根据他游历吴越、燕赵、福建、岭南等地的所见所闻编撰而成的，虽然篇幅短小，但内容丰富，涉猎广博，举凡民情、官场、物产、外物、军事等方面均有涉及，大都与正史相印证，且多详备，可补正史之遗阙。作者秉笔直书的史胆亦难能可贵。此书为研究明前中叶的社会状况，尤其是对研究江南地区的社会风貌、经济贸易等具有重要的史料价值。     

元素丰度与原子结构的关系

本文以元素周期律为基础对地球地壳元素丰度进行研究,探讨了地壳元素丰度与元素在周期表中的位置、原子序数(大小、奇偶)、原子结构、原子核结构的关系。     

陆相砂泥岩层系中油气初次运移的定量化研究

分析了东濮凹陷东南部的油气地球化学特征,以濮深10井为例,计算了砂泥岩剖面的孔隙度和流体压力,以及不同性质生油岩在演化阶段的油气生成量。用生油岩孔隙中油气饱和度控制油气排出量的方法,可得到油气初次运移量和运移时期。研究表明,有机质丰度高、类型好的生油岩,在进入生油门限时期不久就有油气排出;而有机质丰度低的生油岩几乎无液态油排出,只会在高、过成熟条件下排出天然气。     

郯-庐断裂带南段两侧金矿成矿地质条件的对比

本文在野外地质工作及室内综合研究基础上,对郯-庐断裂带南段两侧金矿床的成矿地质条件作了对比,得出了它们成矿地质背景相同、均受郯-庐断裂带次级断裂控制;同属混合岩化热液型金矿床;都生成于太古界—元古界绿岩带中;金矿围岩、岩浆岩条件、围岩蚀变及成矿物质来源等均极为相似的结论,对安徽蚌埠隆起带中寻找新类型金矿具有重要意义。     

Different responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community to day-time and night-time warming in a semiarid steppe

Arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi form mutualistic symbioses with most plant species and play important roles in ecosystems. Knowledge of the response of AM fungi to temperature change will improve our under- standing of the function of AM fungal community under global climate change scenarios in ecosystems. The effects of constant warming on AM fungal communities have been investigated previously, but responses to asymmetrical warming over 24-h periods have never been documented in natural ecosystems. In this study, we examined AM fungal communities in a full factorial design including day-time and night-time warming in a semiarid steppe in northern China. Day-time and 24-h warming, but not night-time warming, significantly increased AM fungal spore density. In contrast, none of the three warming regimes had a sig- nificant effect on AM fungal extra radical hyphal density. A total of 161 operational taxonomic units （OTUs） of AM fungi were recovered by 454 pyrosequencing of 18S rDNA. Day-time, night-time, and 24-h warming all significantly increased AM fungal OTU richness. Some AM fungal OTUs showed a significant bias toward day-time, night-time or 24-h warming. The AM fungal community composition was significantly affected by night-time warming, but not by day-time and 24-h warming. Our finding highlighted dif- ferent responses of AM fungal spore density and community composition to asymmetrical warming. This study might improve our understanding of ecosystem functioning of AM fungal community under global climate change scenarios in a semiarid steppe ecosystem.