Comparative genetic differentiation study of three coexisting mangrove crabs in western Atlantic

ABSTRACT

A multispecies approach may reveal the factors influencing the genetic differentiation of coexisting species along a wide geographic area. Our aim was to compare the genetic differentiation of mangrove crabs coexisting along the western Atlantic in order to verify if there are common barriers, using two mitochondrial DNA markers to quantify genetic differentiation, variance and diversity. In addition, we included a mismatch distribution to check demographic history. Our data revealed that species with similar pelagic larval duration had either high genetic differentiation or the absence of genetic structure. These results can be explained by factors that contribute to genetic differentiation, such as the presence of large estuarine areas (acting as barriers), ocean currents, and larval behaviour. Also, historical events that promoted the isolation of some areas in the past, such as glacial cycles during the Pleistocene, could have caused the observed high levels of genetic divergence in some species.     

The coconut pathosystem: weed hosts of nymphs of the American palm Cixiid Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)

Lethal yellowing (LY) of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) is a disease of economic importance that is caused by the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae’ and is transmitted by the planthopper Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). This study explores the weeds used by H. crudus nymphs and other Cixiidae in a coconut pathosystem in southern Mexico. Nymphs were collected directly from the root system of each weed by hand or with the help of a vacuum after carefully opening the culm. This study included 11 species of weeds: nine Poaceae [Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, B. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick, B. mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv., Leersia hexandra Sw., Panicum laxum Sw., P. maximum Jacq., Paspalum notatum Flüggé]; one Cyperaceae [Cyperus ligularis L.], and one Portulacaceae: [Portulaca pilosa L.]. Brachiaria mutica, E. petraea, B. humidicola, P. maximum were identified as the principal host species for H. crudus nymphs. Brachiaria decumbens, D. abyssinica, and C. ligularis are new host records for the nymphs of H. crudus. Additionally, it was found that H. crudus may coexist with its cogeners H. skarphion Kramer (Cixiidae) and H. caldwelli Kramer (Cixiidae), on B. mutica. On C. ligularis, H. crudus may coexist with Oecleus snowi Ball (Cixiidae) nymphs. These results suggest that in the coconut pathosystem there is a complex of multitrophic interactions that should be considered in integrated management of LY.     

河南鲁山五大温泉古细菌多样性分析

河南省平顶山市鲁山县有上汤、中汤、下汤、温汤和碱汤等五大温泉,采用Illumina Hisiq2500PE250技术对鲁山五大温泉(上汤、中汤、下汤、温汤和碱汤)古细菌的16S r DNA基因V4-5变异区序列进行测序,应用Uparse、Mothur、SILVA、MUSCLE和Qiime等软件整理和统计样品序列数目和操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数量,分析物种的丰度和多样性.上汤、中汤、温汤、下汤和碱汤分别获得87 993、67 326、44400、48 611、48 495条有效reads,聚类为520、280、678、451、437个OUTs.古细菌分类分析表明,河南鲁山五大温泉的古细菌可以归入11个门,其中奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)占95.25%,是优势菌群;在属分类阶元上,上汤、中汤和温汤的优势菌属为Candidatus-Nitrosocaldus; unidentified-Thaumarchaeota是下汤和碱汤的优势菌属.对河南鲁山五大温泉开展古细菌多样性的研究发现,温泉水中含有较高的参与氨氧化过程的奇古菌门,为后续深入研究和利用河南鲁山五大温泉水中的古细菌资源提供了基础资料.     

一株高效絮凝剂产生菌的分离和鉴定

应用多相分类手段对絮凝菌株XHUA9进行了分类研究,并对分离提纯的发酵产物进行紫外和红外分析.基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明,该菌和模式菌株Paenibacillus hunanensis的序列同源性为96.7%,基因组DNA-DNA同源性杂交值为51.6%.菌株的主要极性脂肪酸为双磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰肌醇.菌株优势醌为MK-7,主要优势脂肪酸为anteiso-C15:0和C16:0.菌株(G+C)摩尔分数为51.9%.根据上述结果,菌株XHUA9鉴定为类芽孢杆菌属内的新种,命名为Paenibacillus shenyangensis sp.nov..紫外扫描和红外检测等结果表明,菌株XHUA9所产絮凝剂的主要成分为多糖类物质.     

对图书馆男馆员心理状态的测试分析与思考

以320名男性馆员为调查对象,采用卡特尔16种人格测试法和访谈法进行心理测试,确定其真实的心理状态。依据测试结果,查找当前困扰图书馆男性馆员心理健康问题及其形成原因,提出了缓解男馆员心理压力的应对措施及有效途径。     

一株Cr(Ⅵ)还原菌的鉴定及其还原特性

从长沙铬盐厂区的被污染土壤中分离获得一株具高效还原高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)的细菌,利用PCR扩增获得该菌16S rDNA部分序列,经测序和比对确定菌株为Pannonibacter sp..研究该菌株的生理特性、培养条件以及还原六价铬的最佳条件.研究结果表明,该菌为革兰氏阴性菌,显微镜下观察为短杆状,好氧;该菌在pH为9,温度为30℃时生长最好;pH为8,30℃时六价铬还原效果最佳;16 h内可将质量浓度为300 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)还原90%以上.     

一株益生芽孢菌株的分子鉴定及其药敏分析

从健康土鸡盲肠中筛选出具有益生潜力的菌株Y31,利用细菌16SrDNA通用引物对其16SrRNA进行PCR扩增,得到1460bp的片段,该PCR产物序列通过Blast软件在NCBI网站中进行同源性比较,通过Mega3.1软件绘制系统发育树;同时,选择兽医临床上常用的15种抗生素,对菌株Y31进行药敏试验。结果表明,菌株Y31的16SrRNA序列与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的16SrRNA序列的相似性为99.6%,在系统发育树中,它们在同一分支,且遗传距离最短,确定菌株Y31为枯草芽孢杆菌;Y31菌株对氨苄西林、青霉素及诺氟沙星有很强的耐药性,对链霉素中度敏感,而对试验中的其它抗生素高度敏感。     

对脉冲双星PSR1913＋16引力辐射计算的一个注解

本文在牛顿的万有引力定律与爱因斯坦的狭义相对论之间找到一个理论结合点,使质电类比更具理据,以此对陈永明的脉冲双星PSR1913＋16引力辐射的计算提供一个注解。     

一株软骨霉状菌的纯化方法

从武夷山的一枯枝上分离得到了一株稀有软骨霉状菌,在培养过程中发现,该株黏细菌在人工培养基上只有在与一种未知的细菌共培养的状态下才能长出典型的子实体并保持菌种的活力.然而要从共培养的菌落中纯化这株黏细菌,使用常规的黏细菌纯化技术几乎是不可能.在这种情况下对伴生细菌进行16SrDNA菌种鉴定,再根据鉴定为施氏假单胞菌(Ps...     

nRF905的LED屏无线通信设计与实现

针对采用芯片nRF905的LED屏无线通信,分别给出了上位机和下位机的系统框图,分析了系统的功耗,比较了无线模块和串口通信的通信速率,验证了系统的可行性,设计了串口通信协议,为保证数据质量,设计了数据通信协议,针对串口数据的nRF905分包转发,设计了无线芯片通信协议,例举了状态机的五种状态,介绍了状态间的转换条件,巧妙地编程设计了通信数据的定时器检查,论述了基于状态机的嵌入式单片机软件编程。