塔东热液地质作用机制及对储层的改造意义

塔东地区断裂发育，早期发育的断裂与晚期断裂之间存在相互改造、叠加、复合的过程，深大断裂沟通多套地层，断裂活动期形成的挤压破碎带和断裂裂缝带作为岩浆热液上升通道，为热液溶蚀作用改造储层提供了有利条件，因此，识别出热液期次对塔东白云岩储层成因机制具有重要意义。通过对钻井岩芯、岩屑及岩石薄片、铸体薄片观察鉴定分析，在区内下古生界碳酸盐岩中识别和发现了钠长石化作用和自生羽毛状伊利石沉淀，也是塔里木盆地内的首次发现，并通过对包裹体均一温度，碳氧同位素等地化特征研究，揭示其成岩流体源于岩浆热液，丰富了区内热液作用的矿物学标志，进一步识别出区内存在3期热液作用，通过对3期热液作用的机制及其储渗空间意义的研究，总结出第I期热液作用对于储层形成意义不大，第Ⅱ期热液作用主要发育在局限的沉积环境，第Ⅲ期热液溶蚀形成溶蚀缝孔洞，与天然气运移聚集匹配良好，构成了区内天然气聚集成藏的主要储渗空间。     

西秦岭中生代花岗岩锆石U-Pb-Lu-Hf同位素特征及地质意义

对西秦岭地区中川岩体、柏家庄岩体和教场坝花岗岩体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学分析, 获得其岩浆侵位年龄分别为220±1, 216±6和222±3 Ma, 表明3个岩体均形成于中?晚三叠世。样品的全岩地球化学分析结果表明, 3个岩体具有相似的稀土及微量元素特征, 均表现为显著亏损高场强元素Nb, Ti和P等, 具有明显的右倾式球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式。锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果表明, 3个岩体锆石测年样品的ε_Hf(t)值介于?3.31~+1.68之间, 二阶段模式年龄介于1151~1456 Ma之间。岩石成因分析表明, 这些印支期花岗岩体的母岩浆主要来源于新元古代地壳物质的部分熔融。结合岩体形成时代、岩石成因和区域岩浆作用, 认为这些岩体形成于南秦岭与华南板块沿勉略缝合带相碰撞的造山动力学背景, 可能与华南板块的俯冲板片断离有关。     

江西会昌盆地埃达克质粗面岩年代学、地球化学与成因研究

江西是华南白垩纪红色碎屑沉积岩系最发育的地区之一,且常夹有火山岩层。会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩具有较高Si O2和Al2O3,较低的Mg O,Si O2=59.0%~64.6%(平均61.9%),Al2O3=15.5%~18.9(平均17.7%),Mg O=0.28%~0.92%(平均0.55%);富碱和钠,(Na2O+K2O)=7.19%~10.1%(平均9.70%),Na2O=6.50%~7.70%(平均7.03%),在Si O2-(Na2O+K2O)图解上落入碱性系列粗面岩或粗面英安岩范围;CIPW计算结果显示,标准矿物Ab=57.2%~65.7(平均60.5%),Q=6.07%~14.7%(平均9.95%),小于20%,属粗面岩。稀土总量较低,轻稀土明显富集,重稀土强烈亏损,Eu负异常不明显,∑REE=114×10-6~168×10-6,∑LREE=101×10-6~148×10-6,∑HREE=14.9×10-6~19.6×10-6,∑LREE/∑HREE=6.54~7.52,(La/Yb)N=24.9~34.2(平均27.4),δEu=0.81~1.10(平均0.98%),在稀土曲线图上呈明显的右倾,具高压型粗面岩的特征。较低的Y和Yb含量,较高的Sr含量和Sr/Y比值,Y=8.99×10-6~11.7×10-6(平均10.8×10-6),Yb=0.55×10-6~0.82×10-6(平均0.7×10-6),Sr=329×10-6~836×10-6(平均498×10-6),Sr/Y=36.5~71.8(平均48.2),具有埃达克岩的特征;在不相容元素蛛网图上显示富集大离子亲石元素(Cs,Rb,Ba,K等元素),强烈亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nd),具壳源的特征。较低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值、较高的εNd(t)和较小的TDM2值,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7074~0.7082(平均0.7077),εNd(t)=-1.99~-2.60(平均-2.29),TDM2=1 071 Ma~1 120 Ma(平均1094 Ma),具年轻下地壳部分熔融产物的特征。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,14个分析点的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为(114~108)Ma,加权平均年龄为(110.7±1.0)Ma,MSWD=0.47,指示地质时代属早白垩世晚期。上述特征显示,会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩为早白垩世晚期加厚地壳背景下年轻下地壳部分熔融形成的埃达克质粗面岩。     

加拿大Hawk Ridge铜镍成矿带Pd-Pt-Au元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

通过收集整理Hawk Ridge成矿带Faclo7,HA,Gamma,Pio Lake等铜镍硫化物矿床的岩心样品分析数据(Cu,Ni,S,Pd,Pt,Au元素),针对不同岩石类型、矿石类型,进行了Pd,Pt,Au元素地球化学特征分析。(Pd+Pt),Pd/Pt等特征值研究结果表明,Pd,Pt元素与成矿岩体的镁铁质程度、硫化物含量关系密切,而与岩浆后期含矿热液作用关系不大。其中,Pd元素在含矿岩浆中溶解度更高,分异程度更高。Pt/(Pt+Pd)比值和Pt/(Pt+Pd)与Cu/(Cu+Ni)关系图解表明,该成矿带铜镍矿属于与溢流玄武岩有关的铜镍矿床。Au元素地球化学特征表明,Au元素表现出强烈的亲铜属性,受Ni,S元素影响较小,主要受岩浆后期含矿热液叠加作用控制。根据Pd,Pt,Au元素与Cu,Ni,S元素相关性可知,区内浸染状矿石、围岩裂隙内块状铜镍矿石、岩体底部块状铜镍矿石、块状铜矿石,表现出不同的Pd,Pt,Au元素地球化学特征,反映了它们是不同成矿阶段形成的产物。     

中国浅成低温热液型金矿床地质特征及研究现状

浅成低温热液型金矿床早已经成为了金矿研究的热门矿床,也逐渐变成了世界上最为重要的金矿床类型中的一种。它的发展受到了很多自然环境和条件的限制,也通过这些限制获得了更多的发展前景,中国在这一方面具有比较好的优势。     

松辽盆地砂岩型铀矿床的热液作用特征——以宝龙山地段砂岩铀矿为例

松辽盆地宝龙山地段砂岩型铀矿床的热液蚀变极为发育,常见高岭石化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化、赤铁矿化和水云母—绢云母化等蚀变类型,以低温热液蚀变为主,呈现多期次、脉动性特点.铀矿物与热液蚀变矿物紧密共生,表明铀成矿作用与热液活动密切相关.初步分析,基性岩浆活动是促使热液作用的动因,有利的构造条件为热液作用提供了活动空间.     

热液铀矿床铀富集的物理化学因素

通过实验地球化学方法,得出影响热液铀矿床铀沉淀的5个主要因素:温度、静压力、流体成分、溶液pH值和溶液Eh值。利用矿物包裹体气体成分热力学计算对比,得出富矿床成矿期与成矿前的溶液pH值显著降低(△pH大);fH2,fCH4和αu较高(10-2～10-4mol/l);富含Ca2+离子;具较小过饱和度、正温度梯度、少杂质(矿化度小);适当脱碳酸或CO2(促使铀沉淀和铀硅分离),相对封闭稳定、成矿温度稍高的环境等是值得重视的对成矿有利的环境。     

青藏高原北羌塘昌都地块发现~4.0 Ga 碎屑锆石

采用LA-ICP-MS 和MC-ICP-MS 锆石微区原位U-Pb 测年, 在北羌塘昌都地块宁多岩群 变质碎屑岩中发现3981±9 Ma 碎屑锆石. 这是迄今在羌塘地区获得的最古老年龄记录, 也是 我国境内发现的年龄大于3.9 Ga 的第3 颗锆石. ～4.0 Ga 碎屑锆石的发现为寻找冥古宙地壳物 质提供了新的线索. 100 个测试点还获得3.51～3.13 Ga 碎屑锆石年龄和～2440, ～1532, ～982 及 ～618 Ma 年龄峰值. ～982 和～618 Ma 分别与Rodinia 超大陆形成和泛非运动相对应, 暗示其与 Gondwana 超大陆的亲缘关系. ～618 Ma 限定了宁多岩群石榴石二云石英片岩原岩的沉积时代 下限. ～982 Ma 的碎屑锆石总体具有负的ε_Hf(t)值和1933～2553 Ma 的两阶段Hf 模式年龄, 说明 宁多岩群物源区存在古元古代从亏损地幔分离进入地壳的重大地质事件; 2854～3505 Ma 的锆 石也具有负的ε_Hf(t)值和3784～4316 Ma 的两阶段Hf 模式年龄, 表明宁多岩群物源区残留有少量 更古老(冥古代)的地壳物质. 该研究为探讨羌塘基底与冈底斯和喜马拉雅基底之间的关系以及 限定Gondwana 大陆北界提供了新的资料.     

Zircon U-Pb ages of granites at Changba and Huangzhuguan in western Qinling and implications for source nature

Mesozoic granitoids are widespread in the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. Precise U-Pb dating on these granitoids can reveal the evolution of the continental collision orogen and thus provide information on the nature of magma sources. This study presents zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and whole-rock geochemical analyses for two intrusions at Changba and Huangzhuguan in western Qinling. Zircon U-Pb ages for central and marginal phases of the Huangzhuguang intrusion are 214±1 Ma and 213±3 Ma, respectively. Zircons from the Changba intrusion yield a dominant cluster with an U-Pb age of 213±2 Ma. Collectively, these ages are younger than ages of 220 to 240 Ma for ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism due to the continental collision between the South China Block and the North China Block, corresponding to syn-exhumation magmatism. Some inherited zircons occur in the Changba intrusion, yielding a weighted mean of ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages at 757±14 Ma. This indicates that the Changba intrusion has the crustal source of mid-Neoproterozoic ages and a tectonic affinity to the South China Block. Geochemically, the two intrusuons are both rich in LILE and LREE but depleted in HFSE and HREE, similar to arc-type igneous rocks. The Huangzhuguang intrusion exhibits linear correlations between SiO₂ and the other major oxides, implying chemical evolution from a cognate magma source. It contains mafic enclaves, suggesting possible mixing of felsic-mafic magmas. The Changba granite is rich in Si and K but poor in Fe and Mg as well as has a high value of Fe*, suggesting strong differentiation of granitic magma. Therefore, the two intrusions were derived from the Late Triassic anatexis of the continental crust of different compositions in the northern margin of South China Block. This process may be coupled with exhumation of the subducted continental crust in the stage of late collision.     

Molybdenum isotopic composition as a tracer for low-medium temperature hydrothermal ore-forming systems: A case study on the Dajiangping pyrite deposit,western Guangdong Province,China

Little is known about the range or controls on the molybdenum isotopic composition of low-medium temperature hydrothermal ore-forming systems. We present molybdenum isotope data from 12 hydrothermal syndepositional silicalite and carbonaceous slate samples from the Dajiangping pyrite deposit in western Guangdong Province, South China. The δ ^97/95 Mo values from Orebody III range from −0.02‰ to 0.29‰, with an average of 0.18‰. In contrast, the composition values from Orebody IV display a larger variation from −0.70‰ to 0.62‰. However, the five samples from the main ore bed all show strong negative values. This indicates that the significant variation in molybdenum isotopic composition supports different hydrothermal ore-forming metallogenesis and a metallogenic environment between the two orebodies. Orebody III is likely to have been deposited from submarine exhalative hydrothermal fluids under a relatively strong reducing environment and Orebody IV may have also been influenced by hydrothermal superimposition in a more oxidized disequilibrium condition. In addition, the δ ^97/95 Mo values of Orebody IV are clearly negative, together with the values increasing stratigraphically upward in the ore beds, suggesting that the metallogenic environment of Orebody IV is different from the open oceanic systems. There might be dynamic fractionation in this restricted environment. Therefore, the molybdenum isotope can be used as an effective tracer for the ore-forming fluid and metallogenic environment.