Grove Mountains （GRV）99027： A new Martian meteorite

We report the petrography, mineral chemistry and oxygen isotopic composition of GRV 99027, a new Martian meteorite recently collected during the 16th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition. This meteorite consists of two textural regions. The interstitial region is characterized by the presence of plagioclase and phosphate, and higher FeO contents of olivine and orthopyroxene, in comparison with the poikilitic region. All of the observations are similar to the three known Martian lherzolites. We classify GRV 99027 as the fourth sample of Martian lherzolite.     

全火星模型中震波传播特征的数值模拟研究

采用基于交错网格的傅里叶伪谱与有限差分混合方法, 求解弹性波动方程, 根据地球化学分析得到的两个火星理论结构模型, 模拟二维全火星模型中P-SV波和SH波的传播过程。根据理论地震图和波场快照, 讨论全火星模型中震波的传播过程以及各种震相的产生和演变, 分析模型内部火星壳厚度以及火星核幔边界深度对震波传播的影响。结果表明, 在低速火星壳内部多重反射波及转换波的相干叠加会形成很强的波列, 其特征受火星壳厚度的影响较大, 在切向分量上可以更清晰地观测到核幔边界的反射震相。     

脉冲辅助的借力飞行轨道设计

以借助金星引力的火星探测器轨道设计为背景,针对借力前后可能存在的速度不匹配问题,提出了一种脉冲辅助借力的解决方式,分析了脉冲大小和脉冲作用方向对借力前后速度和能量的影响;其次,结合借力过程的理论分析,将之用到金星借力的火星轨道设计中,用遗传算法对借力飞行轨道的参数进行优化;最后,通过与无动力借力方式和深空机动方式所需要总能量大小的比较,得出脉冲辅助借力飞行方式需要更低能量的结论。     

地火中继链路的空间特征参量分析

针对火星和地球上合时导致的直接通信链路中断问题,提出基于日地拉格朗日点L₄/L₅为中继的地火中继架构. 建立日心黄道惯性坐标系下L₄/L₅到火星的指向矢量在不同空间参考坐标系下变换的数学模型,推导了L₄/L₅指向火星的空间特征参量(空间距离、方位角和俯仰角)随星体瞬时平轨道根数变化的解析式. 仿真验证了一个地火回归年内的空间特征参量的变化规律,设计了一种L₄/L₅对火星表面的链路持续可见模型,并分析了返向链路性能. 为L₄/L₅指向火星的星间链路设计提供了参考.      

Russian Nuclear Rocket Engine Design for Mars Exploration

This paper is to promote investigation into the nuclear rocket engine (NRE) propulsion option that is considered as a key technology for manned Mars exploration. Russian NRE developed since the 1950s in the former Soviet Union to a full-cale prototype by the 1990s is viewed as advantageous and the most suit-able starting point concept for manned Mars mission application study. The main features of Russian het-erogeneous core NRE design are described and the most valuable experimental performance results are summarized. These results have demonstrated the significant specific impulse performance advantage of the NRE over conventional liquid rocket engine (LRE) propulsion technologies. Based on past experience, the recent developments in the field of high-temperature nuclear fuels, and the latest conceptual studies, the developed NRE concept is suggested to be upgraded to the nuclear power and propulsion system (NPPS), more suitable for future manned Mars missions. Although the NRE still needs development for space appli-cation, the problems are solvable with additional effort and funding.     

基于着陆器地基测量的火星定向参数确定

火星定向参数的精确测定对约束火星内部结构以及极区干冰变化的建模具有重要意义.基于未来的火星着陆任务,仿真分析了利用双程多普勒与距离测量方法直接跟踪着陆器,解算火星定向参数所能达到的精度.结果表明,通过双程多普勒和双程测距直接跟踪火星着陆器超过200个工作日,将显著提高火星岁差、章动以及日长变化参数的精度,约800个工作日后,岁差参数精度可较目前提高5–10倍,章动参数精度可达到10–30 mas,日长变化与钱德勒摆动参数精度可收敛至5–10 mas,这一精度水平可以满足研究火星内部结构与大气物质交换的需要.通过分析不同纬度着陆器的解算结果,发现高纬度的着陆器有必要进行距离测量,以保持岁差和章动参数的解算精度.此外,研究还发现,当火星星历误差小于75 m时,双程多普勒数据解算火星定向参数的精度不受影响,而对于双程测距数据来说,只有当火星历表精度优于0.15 m时,定向参数的解算结果才具有可信性.     

Deployable boom for Mars Orbiter Magnetometer onboard Tianwen-1

A more than 3 m-long deployable boom is an essential component of the Mars Orbiter Magnetometer (MOMAG) onboard the orbiter of Tianwen-1. The boom was developed to place fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) sensors away from the satellite to reduce the influence of the satellite magnetic field. It was designed as an articulated spring-driven deployable mechanism for single-shot deployment. Functionality, reliability and system constraints are fully considered in the boom design. Mechanical analyses and proof tests show that the boom has sufficient safety margin to withstand environmental conditions, even in the worst cases. After a long voyage from Earth to Mars, the boom was deployed successfully on May 25, 2021. A full deployment was performed in about 4.6 s, sending the two sensors to distances of 3.19 m and 2.29 m respectively, away from the orbiter. After deployment, the field from the orbiter decreased from 1250 nT to less than 6 nT at the sensor mounted at the tip of the boom. The MOMAG boom provides valuable engineering experience for the development of deployable structures stowed for long periods in cold temperatures in space missions.