全氟/多氟烷基化合物在全球海洋水体中的污染演变趋势研究进展

全氟/多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)的环境污染及危害愈来愈受到全球关注.目前,部分传统PFASs的生产使用受到限制或管控,一些新型PFASs替代品不断进入市场,使得PFASs的环境污染状况变得更为复杂.PFASs不仅在人口密集地区的陆地环境中高频检出,还在各大海洋甚至人迹罕见的两极地区普遍检出.海洋已经成为PFASs污染最重要的"汇"之一,并对全球生态环境以及两极地区产生重要的影响.关于海洋中PFASs污染的报道也日趋增多,本文旨在对近年来海洋PFASs污染的研究数据进行剖析,以期阐明PFASs在全球洋流尺度上的污染时空分布情况,为PFASs的环境风险评估和环境政策的制定提供科学依据.     

资讯

古代全球变暖导致洋流改变方向；“哈勃”望远镜识破北极星的“隐身伙伴”；科学家发现控制生命寿命的物质；《科学》杂志提出2006年备受关注的8个科学领域[编者按]     

“风流”人间的奥秘

风每天光顾人间．人间不可一日无风。如没有风吹动洋流来传输热量,赤道和两极就将无止境地被加热或冷却下去。是风使地球上冷暖气团得以交换,冷热得到平衡。才造就出地球上的万千气象。     

低速直驱型洋流能发电机的设计、分析与测试

 针对中国海况，研究了一种小功率的低速直驱型洋流能发电机，通过对发电机的长径比、气隙长度、定子内径等关键参数进行设计和优化，确定了发电机的最终方案。采用2D有限元对发电机的齿槽转矩和变速变载性能进行了仿真计算，理论上进一步校核了发电机的运行特性。加工制造了样机并进行了详细的厂内测试，测试结果进一步验证了设计方案的合理性，确认了发电机能够在额定工况下输出200 W功率，且变速变载运行性能良好。     

有只怪船竖着漂

"随波逐流"——这个身负贬义的家伙,竟然也能被海洋学家评为"最受欢迎词汇"之一。这下终于咸鱼翻身了,它忙不迭(die)地要去感谢雅克——法国海洋建筑师。正是他发明的"海洋环游号"科考船为自己昭雪的。可是,当它见到"海洋环游号"时,却感觉和自己一点儿关系都拉不上。这个庞然大物根本不走寻常路。美其名曰海洋科考船,但怎么看都像条大鱼在跳"海上芭蕾"!正纳闷,突然一阵狂风袭来,激起几十米高的巨浪。"海洋环游号"竟然又像冲浪者一样潇洒自如,随波漂荡。咦?难道这就是它为我正名的原因?"随波逐流"决定去看个究竟……     

Multi-core structure of the main part of the Kuroshio at G-PN section in the East China Sea

Off the east of Taiwan Island the Kuroshio strides over the Ilan Ridge and flows into the East China Sea, where it encounters the continental break. The Ku-roshio then turns right and flows along the Okinawa Trough, where its main axis does not show obvious swaying. This stream continuously flows eastwards in the southwest of Kyushu, and feeds into sea in the south of Japan. This section of the Kuroshio is named“the East China Sea Kuroshio”. Along the East China Sea Kuroshio, there …     

用培根＂解码＂波塞冬——记中国科学院海洋研究所研究员徐永生

在希腊神话里,海神波塞冬掌管着海洋的一切运动,涨落的潮汐、来回的洋流、奔腾的浪花皆由他控制。深邃浩瀚的海洋瞬息万变,神秘莫测,潜藏着无穷的未知。海洋覆盖着地球百分之七十一的面积,     

Relationship between Hadley circulation and sea ice extent in the Bering Sea

The linkage between Hadley circulation （HC） and sea ice extent in the Bering Sea during March-April is investigated through an analysis of observed data in this research. It is found that HC is negatively correlated to the sea ice extent in the Bering Sea, namely, strong （weak） HC is corresponding to less （more） sea ice in the Bering Sea. The present study also addresses the large-scale atmospheric general circulation changes underlying the relationship between HC and sea ice in the Bering Sea. It follows that a positive phase of HC corresponds to westward located Aleutian low, anomalous southerlies over the eastern North Pacific and higher temperature in the Bering Sea, providing unfavorable atmospheric and thermal conditions for the sea ice forming, and thus sea ice extent in the Bering Sea is decreased, and vice versa. In addition, it is further identified that East Asian-North Pacific-North America teleconnection may play an important role in linking HC and changes of atmospheric circulations as well as sea ice in the Bering Sea.     

北极告急

2007年9月，北冰洋浮冰的面积之小前所未有，比计算机预测的数值提早10年出现。浮冰变薄、新的洋流出现、生态系统发生异常……位于全球变暖最前线的北极究竟怎么了？[编者按]     

The assimilation experiment in the southwestern South China Sea in summer 2000

We performed an assimilation experiment of the southern South China Sea in summer 2000, and the altimeter data were assimilated into Princeton Ocean Model （POM）. The result was evaluated with the in situ data. There were obvious improvements of the currents in the southern South China Sea, and the modeling uncertainty coming from the error of wind stress forcing was reduced. This experiment provides us a new idea about improving the modeling of the ocean currents.