冲绳海槽中部沉积岩芯的古海洋学研究

根据冲绳海槽中部的两个沉积岩芯(155和180)浮游有孔虫的氧同位素变化特征, 结合沉积序列、千年尺度气候波动事件对比、碳酸盐旋回及AMS ¹⁴C测年等资料对岩芯进行地层划分和对比, 对两岩芯沉积物中记录的古环境信息进行释读, 探讨研究区末次间冰期以来古气候的变化规律和冰消期内部的短时间尺度的气候突变事件. 结果表明末次冰期最盛时(氧同位素2期)冲绳海槽中部可能有古长江和古黄河的淡水影响, 冰期-间冰期氧同位素值及变化幅度证明了边缘海对气候变化的“放大”效应. 底栖有孔虫Uvigerina的δ ¹³C值在冰期时明显变轻, 表明冰期时黑潮主轴东移, 影响范围萎缩. 对180岩芯中存在的“新仙女木”(YD)期气候突变事件进行了对比分析, 表明冲绳海槽地区的气候变化虽然受全球气候变化的控制, 但一些地域性的因素(如东亚季风)对研究区也有一定影响. 还对“YD”事件的成因机制进行了探讨, 在一定程度上支持了Fairbanks将YD期解释为两大融冰事件引起两次海平面快速上升之间一个短暂的海平面回升-滞缓期的观点. 底层水团与西北太平洋深层水团的交换程度减弱, 含氧量降低, 对CaCO₃物质的溶解作用增强, 并使得冲绳海槽地区的CaCO₃旋回与“大西洋型”CaCO₃旋回一致.     

南冲绳海槽1000 年以来的硅藻记录及古环境

通过对冲绳海槽南部MD05-2908 孔沉积样品的硅藻分析, 探讨了该区1000 年以来的气 候变化及环境响应. 研究区位于东亚季风区, 又处在黑潮流经区域, 其气候与古环境变化受二 者的共同影响. 对具有环境指示意义的黑潮指示种和淡水种硅藻的分析结果显示, 二者的变化 趋势与历史上的“中世纪暖期”及“小冰期”有很好的对应关系: 950～1500 AD 期间黑潮指示种波 动增加, 而淡水硅藻的含量波动下降, 说明研究区受黑潮的影响较强, 而降雨量较小, 反映了 研究区中世纪暖期暖干的气候特点; 1500～1900 AD 期间黑潮指示种的含量持续降低并保持低 值, 说明当时黑潮对研究区的影响减弱, 海水温度较低, 与小冰期气候特点相似; 同时淡水种 在该时期含量显著增加并达到峰值, 表明台湾东北部在小冰期期间降水偏多. 硅藻研究结果反 映的1000 年来暖干-冷湿的气候特点, 可能与西太平洋副热带高压位置的变化对东亚夏季风降 水的影响有关: 温度升高, 西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北, 该地区降水减少; 反之, 温度降低, 西太平洋副热带高压位置偏南, 该地区降水增加.     

Paleoceanographic records in the sedimentary cores from the middle Okinawa Trough

Two gravity piston cores (Cores 155 and 180) involved in this study were collected from the middle Okinawa Trough. Stratigraphy of the two cores was divided and classified based on the features of planktonic foraminifera oxygen isotope changes together with depositional sequence,millennium-scale climatic event comparison, carbonate cycles and AMS^14C dating. Some paleoclimatic information contained in sediments of these cores was extracted to discuss the paleoclimatic change rules and the short-time scale events presented in interglacial period. Analysis on the variation of oxygen isotope values in stage two shows that the middle part of the Okinawa Trough may have been affected by fresh water from the Yellow River and the Yangtze River during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The oxygen isotope value oscillating ranges of the cores have verified that the marginal sea has an amplifying effect on climate changes.The δ^13C of benthic foraminifera Uvigerina was lighter in the glacial period than that in the interglacial period, which indicates that the Paleo-Kuroshio‘s main stream moved eastward and its influence area decreased. According to the temperature difference during the “YD” period existing in Core 180 and other data, we can reach the conclusion that the climatic changes in the middle Okinawa Trough area were controlled by global climatic changes, but some regional factors had also considerable influence on the climatechanges. Some results in this paper support Fairbanks‘s point that the “YD” event was a brief stagnation of sea level rising during the global warming up procession. Moreover,the falling of sea level in the glacial period weakened the exchange between the bottom water of the Okinawa Trough and the deep water of the northwestern Pacific Ocean and resulted in low oxygen state of bottom water in this area.These procedures are the reasons for carbonate cycle in the Okinawa Trough area being consistent with the “Atlantic type”carbonate cycle.     

城口-鄂西海槽西侧Fng1井区生物礁发育有利相带预测

二叠系长兴组为鄂西地区主要勘探层系之一,其沉积相展布存在多种不确定性,截止目前针对此区块地震研究较少。首次利用三维地震勘探成果对城口鄂西海槽西侧大巴山前缘Fng1井区进行了生物礁发育相带预测。通过与研究成熟的开江-梁平海槽对比,建立地震相预测模式,利用"全层位对比追踪解释"技术,结合地震属性分析、古地貌分析综合研究,对区内的生物礁有利相带进行了识别。在此基础上结合地震属性和相位属性,在生物礁发育有利相带内精细刻画生物礁体。Fng1井区内存在台地相、生物岩隆相、斜坡-海槽相,在生物岩隆相带内发育三排生物礁。这种多排礁带分布的研究成果打破了该区单一生物礁相带存在的认识,对于城口鄂西海槽西侧下一步钻探及勘探部署具有指导意义。     

冲绳拔河绳子分公母

<正>冲绳位于日本最南端,古称琉球,历史上与中国交往密切。无论在琉球王朝古都首里,还是普通百姓家门口,常常可以看到各式各样、形态可掬的狮子雕塑,和中国所见狮子并无二致。据说冲绳的特色舞蹈狮子舞就是从福建传过去的。冲绳的拉面号称日本一绝,其做法就是阳春面上盖两块红烧肉。     

中全新世以来南冲绳海槽古生产力变化的颗石藻化石证据

利用取自南冲绳海槽的MD05-2908岩芯中颗石藻化石碳同位素和颗石藻化石下透光带属种Florisphaera profunda相对百分含量(%Fp)变化,结合17个AMS14C测年数据,重建了该海区6.8kaBP以来高分辨率的表层海水初级生产力变化,并对初级生产力受控机制进行探讨.颗石藻化石碳同位素和%Fp转换函数结果指示该海区6.8kaBP以来初级生产力呈波动降低趋势,主要受东亚夏季风降雨有关的陆源输入减弱影响.约4～2kaBP的PME事件对应的初级生产力相对高值主要是受黑潮流减弱影响;而6.8～4.8kaBP期间的初级生产力高值主要受东亚夏季风强降雨输入更多陆源物质控制,其值也相对高于4～2kaBP.     

Palaeoenvironmental changes from pollen record in deep sea core PC-1 from northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea during the past 24 ka

A pollen record of core PC-1 from the northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea （ECS）, provides information on vegetation and climate changes since 24 cal. kaBP. A total of 103 samples were palynologically analyzed at 8 cm intervals with a time resolution of 230 a. Four pollen zones are recognized： zone Ⅰ （812-715 cm, 24.2-21.1 cah kaBP）, zone Ⅱ （715-451 cm, 21.1-15.2 cah kaBP）, zone Ⅲ （451-251 cm, 15.2-0.8 cah kaBP）, zone Ⅳ （251-0 cm, 10.8-0.3 cal. kaBP）, corresponding to Late MIS 3, Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）, deglaciation and Holocene, respectively. The LGM is characterized by the dominance of herbs, mainly Artemisia, and high pollen influx, implying an open vegetation on the ex- posed continental shelf and a cool and dry climate. The deglaciation is a climate warming stage with Pinus percentage increased and Artemisia percentage decreased and a rapid sea-level rise. The Holocene is characterized by predominance of tree pollen with rapid increase in Castanea-Castanopsis indicating the development of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest and a warm, humid climate. Low pollen influx during the Holocene probably implies submergence of the continental shelf and retreat of the pollen source area. The vegetation indicated by pollen assemblage found in this upper zone is consistent with the present vegetation found in Kyushu, Japan. Originating from the humid mountain area of North Luzon of the Philippines, Tasmania and New Zealand, Phyllocladus with sporadic occurrence throughout PC-1 core probably suggests the influence of Palaeo-Kuroshio Current or intense summer monsoon. The observed changes in Pinus and Herbs percentage indicate fluctuations of the sea level, and high Pinus percentage corresponds to high sea level. Spectrum analysis of the pollen percentage record reveals many millennial-scale periodicities, such as periodicities of 6.8, 3.8, 2.2, 1.6 ka.     

冲绳海槽北部PC-1岩芯24 ka BP以来孢粉记录的古环境信息

对冲绳海槽北部PC-1岩芯共分析了103个孢粉样品, 底部校正年龄为24280 cal a BP, 样品的时间分辨率为230 a. 根据孢粉百分比的变化, 可划分出4个孢粉带: Ⅰ带(812～715 cm, 24.2~21.1 cal ka BP)、Ⅱ带(715~451 cm, 21.1~15.2 cal ka BP)、Ⅲ带(451~251 cm, 15.2~10.8 cal ka BP)、Ⅳ带(251~0 cm, 10.8～0.3 cal ka BP), 分别对应MIS 3末期、末次冰盛期、冰消期和全新世. 末次冰盛期草本植物花粉占优势, 孢粉沉积率较高, 此时草本花粉主要来源于出露的大陆架, 其上发育了以蒿属为主的草地植被, 气候比较寒冷干燥; 冰消期海平面开始回升, 松属含量升高, 草本植物花粉含量下降; 全新世以木本植物花粉占绝对优势, 栗属-栲属花粉迅速增加, 蕨类孢子含量升高, 草本植物花粉含量锐减, 孢粉沉积率降低, 由于海平面回升, 大陆架被淹没, 此时孢粉主要来源于日本岛, 九州地区生长了以栲属、栎属为主的常绿阔叶与落叶阔叶林, 气候温暖湿润. 起源于菲律宾吕宋北部至塔斯马尼亚和新西兰气候潮湿的山地林中的叶枝杉属花粉在整个岩芯中零星出现, 暗示了黑潮的影响或者是较强的夏季风. 草本植物与松属花粉百分比变化很好地反映了海平面的升降, 松属花粉含量较高指示海平面较高. 频谱分析显示存在千年尺度的准周期变化, 有明显的6.8, 3.8, 2.2, 1.6 ka的周期.     

冲绳海槽中部沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及其在古环境变化研究的应用

冲绳海槽巨厚的沉积物蕴藏着丰富的、长时间尺度的区域古海洋和古环境演化地质信息．对采自海槽中部的A7孔柱状沉积物进行了高分辨率的稀土元素、碳酸盐、常量元素组成的测试与分析,以深入探讨沉积物稀土元素组成对古环境变化的响应问题．结果表明,A7孔沉积物在球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分形式上与典型上陆壳物质非常相似,而与富火山灰层和小型浊流沉积存在明显差异．通过分析,认为冲绳海槽沉积物REEs组成主要是受陆源碎屑组分所控制的,与黏土组分含量相关性较大,但与沉积物的Fe—Mn组分含量关系较弱,同时受到生源组分的“稀释作用”,其REEs组成可以用于反映陆源物质来源及其输入过程的研究．排除火山灰和浊流沉积物质的影响,A7孔沉积物的REEs含量（∑REE,LREE,HREE）,LREE／HREE,（La／Yb）n,Eu／Eu＋等参数的垂向变化曲线在175cm层位表现出明显的差异．这一层位的沉积年龄为11．2cal．ka．BP,正好是冰后期和末次冰消期的转换期（LGIT）,表明在LGIT期间海槽内的沉积环境和陆源物质的来源发生了较大改变,而造成这种变化的最可能直接因素是东海海平面的快速上升（WMP-1B事件）造成的沉积格局改变,但与黑潮“摆动”和H1,YD事件等古气候与古海水因素的关系并不显著．研究结果证实,沉积物稀土元素组成及其特征参数的变化可作为研究长时间尺度（冰期-冰间期）冲绳海槽古环境变化的有效指标．