A review of the Neotropical species of Ooencyrtus Ashmead, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

A key is provided to the 15 species of Ooencyrtus recognized as occurring in the Neotropical region. The following species are described as new: caligo, syrphidis, calpodicus, caribeus, castneus, eversi and pinguis; Echthrodryinus saccharalis Gordh and Trjapitzin is transferred to Ooencyrtus; Ooencyrtus trinidadensis venatorius Vidal and De Santis is given species status and Ooencyrtus fasciatus Mercet is treated as a doubtful record for the region. All available published information on the biology and distribution of each species is listed and the pest status of some of the hosts is also included.     

Morphological variability of adult Heizmannia greenii (Diptera: Culicidae) from Sri Lanka

Morphological variations in 10 habitus characters of adult Heizmannia greenii (Theobald) collected from the eastern, central and southern regions of Sri Lanka were examined and quantified. Pale-scaled areas conforming to those of the type form of the species were seen in 67–100 and 74–93% of eastern and central region specimens respectively. By contrast, 76–100% of specimens from the southern region had the the same areas completely or nearly completely covered with dark scales. Specimens with individual characters and character combinations intermediate between the extreme ‘pale’ and ‘dark’ forms were observed. All of these variants were inseparable from typical Hz. greenii on the basis of male genitalia characters, and larval and pupal morphometrics and chaetotaxy. It is likely that the variability observed in adult ornamentation is the reason for the confusion that has existed in the literature regarding the identity and distribution of Hz. greenii. Such extreme variability within a species raises questions regarding the stability of taxonomic characters used to separate species within the genus.     

Three new species of Aprusia (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Sri Lanka with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus

The South Asian goblin spider genus Aprusia Simon, 1893 currently consists of five species. All species are narrow endemics with very restricted distributions. In this paper, the Sri Lankan species are revised and three new species described from both sexes: Aprusia koslandensis n. sp., Aprusia rawanaellensis n. sp. and Aprusia vankhedei n. sp. We also provide some notes on the poorly known species A. strennus and A. vestigator. In addition, we present a key to adult Aprusia and a distribution map of the Sri Lankan species, highlighting their diversity in the highly fragmented forests of the island. To test the monophyly of Aprusia and infer relationships among its species, a matrix of 49 morphological characters scored for 11 taxa (seven ingroup and four outgroup) was assembled and analysed. The monophyly of Aprusia is recovered and supported by three unambiguous synapomorphies: the presence of smooth male endites, the presence of leg spines on the prolateral side of the femur I and the procurved ridge of the postepigastric scutum.

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40352A9B-F455-4F41-B293-FF57BACA2997     

斯里兰卡极端降水时空演变特征及趋势预测

斯里兰卡是我国“一带一路”战略的重要节点国家,极端降水对当地社会经济威胁较大,极易引发灾害。本文选取当地10个气象站2008~2020年的逐日降水资料,基于RClimDex模型计算斯里兰卡6个极端降雨指标,利用经验正交函数分析、Morlet小波分析和R/S分析等方法,分析极端降水事件的时空演变特征。结果表明：极端降水指数在时间分布上,除持续干旱指数（CDD）呈减少趋势外,其他各指数均为上升趋势;极端降水指数空间差异表现为北部沿海平原地带的极端降水强度高于南部沿海平原,拉特纳普勒市以西地区为斯里兰卡降雨事件的多发区;极端降水指数周期性明显,绝大多数极端降水指数以6~7年为第一主周期。R/S分析表明当地极端降水事件未来持续可能性较大。研究结果可为斯里兰卡极端气候预测、生态环境保护、防灾减灾工作等提供决策支持。