生物大分子在水生态毒理学研究中的应用

生物大分子是近年来在水生态毒理学研究中的主要对象．与其它研究手段相比，生物大分子的研究具有特异性、预警性和广泛实用性等特点．章主要介绍了指示环境污染物的几类主要生物标志物，同时还讨论了生物大分子研究的特点，展望了该领域的应用前景．     

同位素内标法对水产品中硝基呋喃代谢物液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量的同位素内标定量液相色谱-串联质谱法测定。样品经稀盐酸水解,邻硝基苯甲醛衍生,乙酸乙酯提取净化后,用液相色谱-串联质谱法通过正离子扫描多反应监测模式检测,稳定同位素内标定量。本方法的线性范围为1.25～10μg/kg,4种硝基呋喃代谢物的线性相关系数均在0.993 2以上,4种化合物...     

Biodiversity and biogeography of non-marine Mollusca on the islands of the Southern Ocean

There are no terrestrial and freshwater molluscs associated with Continental nor Maritime Antarctica. The malacofaunas of the cool-temperate and sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean are extremely depauperate, comprising a mere 68 site-records of 51 species from 27 genera in 13 families. The South Atlantic records are confined to the Falkland Islands, which harbour nine species (one bivalve, five pond snails and three terrestrial aliens), and South Georgia, where there is one Notodiscus sp. (Charopidae). The fauna of the South Indian Ocean islands of Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen and Heard, comprises two alien slugs and endemic Notodiscus hookeri (Charopidae). The majority of species occur on the South Pacific Ocean Islands of Macquarie, Campbell, Auckland, Snares, Antipodes, Bounty and Chatham to the south and east of New Zealand. The Chatham fauna is dissimilar to that on the other South Pacific Islands, though both represent vicariant remnants of common South Pacific Is./New Zealand Athoracophoridae, Charopidae and Punctidae. There is, other than the broad South Indian Ocean distribution of Notodiscus hookeri, little evidence of Holocene dispersal and colonization. Indeed the Southern Ocean is an effective barrier and the different regional (South Atlantic/Indian/Pacific) faunas are principally vicariant and derived from local survivors of Pleistocene glaciation.     

Moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) with description of a new genus from Cangshan,China

The world diversity of moss cushion-inhabiting and moss-feeding flea beetles is documented and discussed. A new genus (Cangshanaltica) with a single new species (Cangshanaltica nigra sp. nov.) from Yunnan Province in China is described and illustrated. It is similar to Benedictus Scherer, Ivalia Jacoby, Minota Weise, Paraminota Scherer, and Phaelota Jacoby. An identification key for all flea beetle genera known to occur in mosses in the eastern hemisphere is provided. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6341724E-BA3F-4979-B226-108D0CA64B92     

洞庭湖区水生药用动物资源调查初报

报道洞庭湖区水生药用动物４５科８３属１０５种，并对其特点进行了分析，探讨了当前存在的若干利用问题，同时针对其现状提出了有关的开发对策。     

6种瓢虫的RAPD分析及在分类上应用的研究

利用随机引物分别对6种瓢虫的DNA进行了聚合酶链式反应（RAPD－PCR）的实验。结果显示，用相同引物扩增不同种瓢虫的基因组DNA，扩增产物多态性DNA片段的数目是不同的；两种不同引物的扩增产物中，各自呈现出种、属的特异性片段，其可用于种、属的鉴别；聚类图显示了种、属之间亲缘关系的远近程度，并与形态学分类结果相一致。实验分析还发现：七星瓢虫不同个体间多态性DNA特有带较多，遗传较稳定；龟纹瓢虫与之相比，不同个体间多态性DNA的特有带较少，变异程度较大。     

Temporal organization patterns of epigean beetle communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae,Tenebrionidae) in different successional stages of eastern Mediterranean maquis

This two-year study explores the community structure and temporal dynamics of carabid and tenebrionid beetles in five eastern Mediterranean juniper maquis formations in relation to successional stage. Based on vegetation cover, density and soil pH, the successional stage in two of the sites (Crete, Cyprus) was an earlier state compared with the other three (Attiki, Naxos, Samos), as a result of intense goat grazing. Diversity indices and abundance distributions were compared using morphoecological surrogates of the taxa. Temporal dynamics were regulated more by cumulative species richness than by sharp phenological patterns. The higher values of niche pre-emption parameter and species turnover imply better adaptation of endemic tenebrionids to the rapid change of environmental conditions, compared with carabids. Significantly lower abundance and biomass, and higher evenness and temporal turnover for both families in Crete and Cyprus are ascribed to the reversed course of succession caused by overgrazing.     

三峡水库和长江宜昌段河道夏季日间水环境初步评价及对策分析

采用原位监测在夏季从三峡库区到下游枝江的长江干流区段选定监测点进行日间水体环境指标测量。结果表明,三峡大坝上下游表层水温有明显差异性,西陵峡内长江水温无较大变化,流经宜昌城区后水温高于三峡水库。经水库温度分布模拟,三峡水库水温各季节分布差异明显,体现出水温分层现象,最低水温出现时间向后推迟。大坝下游溶氧较高,风速强也会使DO上升。从西陵峡口开始表层水体pH不断下降,应考虑实施兼顾生态保护的水库调度。     

试论浙江水产业经济增长方式的转变

本文认为，十四届五中全会提出了两个具有全局意义的根本性转变，对浙江的水产业来说，同样存在着经济增长方式转变的问题。文章对水产业经济增长方式转变的紧迫性、有利条件及制约因素等问题进行了初步探讨，并提出了对策措施